英语翻译From the appeal as thus defined,cassation is usually hel

英语翻译
From the appeal as thus defined,cassation is usually held to differ sharply.There is no devolutive effect;the role of a jurisdiction of cassation is said to be exclusively to examine the legality of the decision under attack –and‘attack’is here an appropriate word,which it is not in relation to appeal.No proofs are admissible on cassation - the facts must be taken sa already found –and the court has only two options:it must either affirm or annul.In the latter event the parties are restored to the position in which they were before the defective decision was made;questions left outstanding must be resolved in another court,and that court must reach its own decision unfettered by anything that may have been said on cassation,even with regard to the correct interpretation of the law.
French procedure as it remained until 1837 provides an example of cassation in this sense,and so too does the old English writ of error.Under that procedure the record of the proceedings at first instance was brought before a court of error.If error was found on the record – a mainly formal document,consideration of which gave no opportunity to the court of error to reconsider questions of fact – the decision must be quashed and a new trial ordered.The powers of a court of error went no further;it could not even disregard an which in its view could not have affected the outcome of the trial.
The main purpose of this chapter is to examine how the two principal forms of recourse – have become impure,but preliminary mention must be made of two general matters,namely,first,the distinction between fact and law,which is so widely used in the regulation of methods of recourse,and,secondly,the character of the proceedings at first instance:if the methods of recourse,and in particular the appeals,of two different legal systems are to be compared,each must be considered against the background of the proceedings from which the appeal is brought.

从诉愿,当做如此定义,毁弃通常被拿着锐利地不一致.没有 devolutive 产生;毁弃的司法权的角色独有地被说是在攻击之下调查决定的合法 -and'attack'is 这里一个适当的字,它是不关于恳求.没有证明在毁弃上是可容许的 - 事实一定被拿已经被发现的 sa-和法院只有二选项:它一定断言或废除.在后者中宴会被回复到位置的事件在哪一个在有缺陷的判决被作出之前,他们是;疑问向左杰出一定在另外的法院被决定,和那法院一定达成被可能已经在毁弃上被说的任何事解开脚链的它自己的判决,甚至关于法律的正确解释.
法国程序当做它保持了直到 1837 提供这一个感觉的一个毁弃的例子,而且如此的也做错误的旧的英文令状.在那一个程序之下进行的记录起先,例证在错误的法院之前被带来.如果错误在记录上被发现 - 一份主要正式的文件,哪一个没有把机会给了错误的法院再考虑事实的疑问的考虑 - 判决一定被压碎和命令的新的试验.错误的法院的权力没有更进一步;它无法甚至忽视哪一个在它的视野中无法已经影响试验的结果.
这一个章节的主要目的将调查如何二个主要形式的依赖 - 已经变得不纯,但是初步行动提到即,首先一定是用二个般的物质做成的事实和法律之间的区别,如此的广泛被用于依赖的方法的规则,和,第二,进行的个性起先例证:如果依赖的方法,和在个别项目中诉愿,二个不同的合法系统是被比较,每个一定被考虑对抗诉愿被带来的进行的背景从.