英语翻译The organization design problem is to choose a set of mi

英语翻译
The organization design problem is to choose a set of middle managers who are available for coordinating activities and a set of instructions for using these managers,the project managers,and the CEO,given the costs of having and using these managers and the expected coordination benefits.Our results consist of classifying the characteristics of activities and managerial costs that lead to various structures.
When the salaries of middle managers are high,no middle managers are employed,and the resulting structure is a flat organization consisting only of the CEO and the project managers.When the middle managers' salaries are low,the resulting structure resembles a matrix form rich in middle managers.For intermediate salaries of the middle managers,a hierarchy with some middle managers is optimal.We also show for which circumstances the hierarchy should be designed to exploit high-probability interactions and for which circumstances the hierarchy should
be designed to exploit low-probability interactions.Increases in the opportunity cost of the CEO may also result in employing more middle managers as well as reducing the involvement of the CEO in coordination activities,i.e.,reducing the centralization of decision making.Also,increases in the synergy gains from coordinating companywide interactions increase centralization.
Optimal Organization Design
We find an optimal organization design in two stages.First,for each possible subset of available middle managers,we optimize their use and calculate the expected net benefits associated with this program.The overall organization design problem can then be solved by comparing these expected net benefits.
Optimal Use of a Given Set of Middle Managers
Given the available middle managers and the project characteristics,p and r,the problem is to decide which managers should be used to check for and coordinate possible interactions and in what order and in which contingencies they should be used.The problem is vastly simplified,however,by the assumption that the middle managers have no opportunity costs.It follows that it is optimal to use any middle managers that are available.

该组织设计的问题就是选择一套中层管理人员,为协调活动和一组指令使用这些经理、项目经理和CEO,给出的成本和使用这些经理和预期的协调利益.我们的结果由分类的特点和管理成本,活动导致不同的结构.
当薪水很高的中层管理者,没有中间的管理者,以及由此产生的结构是一种平面机构组成的总裁和项目经理.当中层管理者的薪水很低,最后的结构就像一个矩阵形式丰富的中层管理者.对于中间的中层管理者、层次和某些中层管理者是最优的.我们也将展现的情况下,利用层次应设计与环境相互作用high-probability层次应该
被设计来开拓做出之间的相互作用.增加机会成本的CEO也可能导致雇用更多的中层管理者以及减少参与的活动,例如在协调的首席执行官,减少了集中化的决策.同样,增加收益的协同互动协调companywide增加集中.
最佳的组织设计
我们找到一个最佳的组织设计的两个阶段.第一,为每一个可能的子集的中层管理者,可使其得到充分利用,计算预计净收益与此相关联的项目.整个组织设计的问题就可以解决了通过比较这种预计净收益.
合理使用一个给定的中层管理者
给出了可用的中层管理者和工程特性,p和r,问题是决定哪个经理应该被用于检查和协调可能相互作用,并以怎样的顺序和在或有事项,应使用它们.问题是大大简化了,然而,假定的中层管理者没有机会成本.由此而来的是最佳使用任何的中层管理者.