英语翻译拉第(1791-1867)是英国物理学家、化学家,也是著名的自学成才的科学家.1791年9月22日出生萨里郡纽因

英语翻译
拉第(1791-1867)是英国物理学家、化学家,也是著名的自学成才的科学家.
1791年9月22日出生萨里郡纽因顿一个贫苦铁匠家庭.仅上过几年小学,13岁时便在一家书店里当学徒.书店的工作使他有机会读到许多科学书籍.在送报、装订等工作之余,自学化学和电学,并动手做简单的实验,验证书上的内容.利用业余时间参加市哲学学会的学习活动,听自然哲学讲演,因而受到了自然科学的基础教育.
由于他爱好科学研究,专心致志,受到英国化学家戴维的赏识,
1813年3月由戴维举荐到皇家研究所任实验室助手.这是法拉第一生的转折点,从此他踏上了献身科学研究的道路.
同年10月戴维到欧洲大陆作科学考察,讲学,法拉第作为他的秘书、助手随同前往.沿途法拉第协助戴维做了许多化学实验,这大大丰富了他的科学知识,增长了实验才干,为他后来开展独立的科学研究奠定了基础.
1815年5月回到皇家研究所在戴维指导下进行化学研究.
法拉第主要从事电学、磁学、磁光学、电化学方面的研究,并在这些领域取得了一系列重大发现.
1820年奥斯特发现电流的磁效应之后,
1821年法拉第提出“由磁产生电”的大胆设想,并开始了艰苦的探索.
1824年1月当选皇家学会会员,
1825年2月任皇家研究所实验室主任,
1831年发现了电磁感应定律.这一划时代的伟大发现,使人类掌握了电磁运动相互转变以及机械能和电能相互转变的方法,成为现代发电机、电动机、变压器技术的基础.
他始终坚信自然界各种不同现象之间有着无限多的联系.也是在这一思想的指导下,他继续研究当时已知的伏打电池的电、摩擦电、温差电、伽伐尼电、电磁感应电等各种电的同一性,1832年他发表了〈不同来源的电的同一性〉论文,用大量实验论证了“不管电的来源如何,它的本性都相同”的结论.
为了说明电的本质,法拉第进行了电流通过酸、碱、盐的溶液的一系列实验,从而导致1833----1834年连续发现电解第一和第二定律,为现代电化学工业奠定了基础,为了正确描述实验事实,法拉第制定了迁移率、阴极、阳极、阴离子、阳离子、电解、电解质等许多概念、术语.
电与磁的统一性被证实之后,法拉第决心寻找光与电磁现象的联系.1845年他发现了原来没有旋光性的重玻璃在强磁场作用下产生旋光性,使偏振光的偏振面发生偏转,此即磁致光效应,成为人类第一次认识到电磁现象与光现象间的关系.
1846年他发表了《关于光振动的想法〉一文,最早提出了光的电磁本质的思想,同年荣获伦福德奖章和皇家勋章.
1867年8月25日逝世.
法拉第是电磁场理论的奠基人,他首先提出了磁力线、电力线的概念,在电磁感应、电化学、静电感应的研究中进一步深化和发展了力线思想,并第一次提出场的思想,建立了电场、磁场的概念,否定了超距作用观点.爱因斯坦曾指出,场的思想是法拉第最富有创造性的思想,是自牛顿以来最重要的发现.麦克斯韦正是继承和发展了法拉第的场的思想,为之找到了完美的数学表示形式从而建立了电磁场理论.
法拉第对科学坚韧不拔的探索精神,为人类文明进步纯朴无私的献身精神,连同他的杰出的科学贡献,永远为后人敬仰.

The first (1791-1867) is the British physicist and chemist, is the famous self-educated scientist.
1791 lima1 was born on 22 September surrey Newcastle's family because of poor blacksmith. Only a few years, the primary school at the age of 13 in a bookstore as an apprentice. The bookstore is caused him to read many science books. In the paper, the binding of work, etc, and the chemical and electrical self-study doing experiments verify the contents of books. In his spare time to study philosophy in city, hear the natural philosophy, thus the speech of natural science foundation education.
Because of his hobby, scientific research, English chemist David recognition,
In march, the royal institute of David to commend for lab assistants. This is the turning point of the life, Faraday, he embarked on a dedicated to scientific research.
In October, David to Europe for scientific research, lecturing, Faraday as his secretary, assistant with. David made along a Faraday help many chemical experiment, which greatly enriched his scientific knowledge, ability, growth for his experiments in independent scientific research and later laid a foundation.
1815 May return the royal under guidance of David chemical research.
Faraday is mainly engaged in electrical, magnetic, optical and electrochemical magnetic research in these fields, and made a series of important discoveries.
In 1820, the current AoSiTe found after magnetic,
In 1821 Faraday proposed "to generate electricity by magnetic" bold, and began to tough exploration.
1824 January elected members of the royal society,
In 1825 February as royal institute of laboratory,
1831 the electromagnetic induction that law. This is a great discovery, make the epoch-making humans mutual transformation of electromagnetic energy movement and mutual transformation method and power generators, motors, transformers, modern technology.
He always believed nature between various phenomena have an infinite number of contact. In this work, he continued to study was known volts dozen batteries, friction, temperature, jia cut, electricity, electromagnetic induction electric etc all kinds of electric identity, 1832 he made from different sources of electricity < > identity, with lots of experiment demonstrates how the sources of power ", it is the nature of the same conclusion.
In order to explain the essence of electric current through the Faraday, acid and alkali, salt solution, resulting in a series of experiments found in 1834-1833 electrolysis, as the first and second laws laid the foundation of modern electrochemistry industry, in order to correctly describe experimental facts, Faraday formulated migration, cathode, anode, anionic, cationic and electrolysis, electrolytes and many other concepts and terminology.
Electricity and magnetism are confirmed, the unity of light and determination for Faraday electromagnetic phenomena. He found the original 1845 without the heavy glass optical effect of strong magnetic field in the optical polarization of light, to cause the deflection, magnetic, optical effects of being the first to realize electromagnetic phenomena and relationships between the phenomena of the light.
In 1846 he made about the light of vibration, the earliest > ideas put forward the thought of light, the essence of electromagnetic won the medal and the royal MEDALS at Aaron.
1867 died on August 25.
Faraday is the founder of electromagnetic field theory, he first put forward the concept of electric field, magnetic, electric, electrochemical, in the research of electrostatic induction of further deepening and develop the power line, and the first game of thought, established the concept of electric field, magnetic field, negate action at a distance. Einstein once said that the thought, is one of the most creative Faraday, is the most important since Newton discovered. Maxwell's inheritance and development of the game, the Faraday to find the perfect mathematical representation so as to establish the electromagnetic field theory.
The exploration of science Faraday tenacious spirit, for human civilization and progress of selfless dedication, simplicity with his outstanding contribution to science for later generations, forever.