英语翻译八十年代即将结束时,越来越多的美国储蓄信贷社相继破产.当时情况非常糟糕,健全机构、制定有关法律已是刻不容缓.美国

英语翻译
八十年代即将结束时,越来越多的美国储蓄信贷社相继破产.当时情况非常糟糕,健全机构、制定有关法律已是刻不容缓.美国国会于1989年8月通过了《金融机构改革、复兴和整顿法案》（FIRREA）.该法案撤销了失职的联邦信宅贷款银行监事会（FHLBB）和联邦储蓄信贷保险公司（FSLIC）,并由新设立的储蓄社监督办公（OTS）和联邦存款保险公司取而代之.另外,还新成立了两家保险基金,即以商业银行为对象的银行保险基金（BIF）和以储蓄社为对象的储蓄联社保险基金（SAIF）.为了重组和管理资不抵债的储蓄信贷社,清算倒闭机构的资产,还设立了重组信托公司（RTC）.该法案提高了对储蓄信贷社的资本要求.与商业银行一样,对其核心资本的要求由原来的3%提高至8%（核心资本主要由股东和贷款损失提留组成）.同时,法案限制储蓄信贷社的业务范围,规定了储蓄信贷社总贷款所占的比例,并禁止其购买垃圾债券（junkbonds）.例如,该法案明文规定住宅贷款规模不得超过其资本的4倍.该法规还提高了监管机构的执行权限,以便他们能够解除不良储蓄信贷社经理人的职务,签发停止不正当竞争行为的命令,并作出民事处罚的决定.在以后三年里,每年给司法部拨款七千五百万元,用于调查和鉴定银行的欺诈行为,最高罚金数额也得到大幅度提高.

Near the ending of the Eighties,more and more savings and credit agency bankrupted one by one in United States.The situation was very terrible.The sound institutions make the law in urgency.In August 1989,Congress of United States adopted the "Financial Institutions Reform,Recovery and Enforcement Act" (FIRREA).The Act withdrew the dereliction of duty of Federal Home Loan Bank Board (FHLBB) and Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corporation (FSLIC),instead by the new founded OTS and Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation.In addition,establishing two new insurance funds,that is targeting at commercial banks,Bank Insurance Fund (BIF) and at the savings association,savings association insurance fund (SAIF).For restructuring and managing the insolvent savings and credit agency,clearing assets of bankrupt institutions,and also establishing the Resolution Trust Corporation (RTC).The Act enhances the capital requirements on the savings and credit agency.As the same as commercial banks,the requirements of its core capital increased from 3% to 8% (The core capital mainly composes by shareholders and the remain of loan loss).Meanwhile,the Act limits the business scope of savings and credit agency,rules the proportion of its total loans,and forbids the agency purchasing junkbonds.For example,the Act expresses the term that residential loan money could not exceed 4 times as its capital.The legislation also increases the implementation of regulatory authority so that they can dismiss the manager of the poor savings and credit agency,issues an order to stop unfair competition and makes the decision of civil penalty.In next three years,every year the savings and credit agency will allocate the fund seventy-five million yuan to the Ministry of Justice,in order to investigate and identify the fraud of the bank.The maximum amount of fines has also been greatly increased.