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英语虚拟语气的结构?

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英语虚拟语气的结构?
英语虚拟语气的结构?
高一部分:

句子成分(全部,含认知与应用)、时态(全部,含认知与应用)
定语从句、名词性从句、状语从句、非谓语动词、并列句(基本概念、 结构与解题思路)
句子成分:
基本概念 – 主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、表语和同位语。

基本结构 – 单句中句子成分的划分

注意事项 – 以传统语法为准

难点:状语、定语与宾补的区分
时态: 基本概念 – 现在时(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)、过去时(一般、进行、完成、完成进行)、将来时(一般、进行、完成)

基本结构 – 各类时态间的差别

难点:时态一致
定语从句:
基本概念 – 先行词、引导词、关系代词、关系副词、限制性定从、非限制性定从

基本结构 – that /which 差别、whose/of whichas 基本用法、介词+which 基本用法

引导词的省略

注意事项 – 定语从句必有先行词
名词性从句:
基本概念 – 主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

基本结构 – who/whoever、what/which、that 、it (主从)

宾语类型(宾从)

系表结构 (表从)

同位语与同位语从句(同从)

注意事项 – 部分引导词与定从中的差异
状语从句: 基本概念 – 时间、地点、原因、方式、让步、比较等状语

基本结构 – 各类状从的引导词

主要状从的使用

注意事项 – 以初中所学的复习为主,不做深入讲解
并列句:
基本概念 – 连词(and\x14^t/yet/so/for/or)

基本结构 – 连词所并列的两个单句,区分主从与并列

注意事项 – 认知即可
非谓语动词:基本概念 – 不定式、分词(动名词、现在分词、过去分词)

基本结构 – 非谓语用作定语、状语、宾补的基本用法

非谓语动词的时间和语态的差别

注意事项 – 认知为主,课文内知识和详细讲解
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从句类基本解题思路:
谓语个数 – 几句话 – 有无连词 – 确定主从或并列关系

主句所缺成分 – 确定从句类型

从句所缺成分 – 确定引导词

难点:先确定从句类型,后选择引导词
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非谓语基本解题思路:
谓语个数 – 确定是否使用非谓语
时间先后与主被动 – 确定使用何种非谓语
难点:规则繁多,本阶段以掌握基本概念为主,课文中已有的可适当补充
高二部分:
三大从句、非谓语动词(具体要求及难题解析)

倒装、虚拟、比较结构(基本概念、结构与解题思路)

三大从句: 具体要求 –
三种考点、补充引导词but\than(定从)
that (定从名从差别)
that省略 (表从、宾从)
that 成分替代 (同从与定从)
状从使用(略)

难题解析 – 高考例题的解析

非谓语动词:具体要求 – 非谓语在句子各个成分位置上的使用
to 的省略
主动表被动的类别和使用
独立结构的不定式与分词

难题解析 – 高考例题的解析

倒装:
基本概念 – 完全倒装、部分倒装、标志

基本结构 – 完全倒装(3种)

部分到装(全部)

注意事项 – 倒装在翻译中的使用

基本思路 – 注意标志,分清类别

虚拟: 基本概念 – 虚拟语气

基本结构 – if 条件句、wish、建议、命令

注意事项 – 不接触过难的虚拟类别

基本思路 – 注意虚假,分清类别

比较结构:
基本概念 – 比较

基本结构 – more than、as…as 、the … of
more … than …(no more … than… )
the more … the more ….

注意事项 – 比较结构的对称性和完整性

基本思路 – 对称
高三部分:
倒装、虚拟、比较结构 (具体规则与难题解析)
主谓一致、连词、代词、冠词、介词、形容词、反意疑问、强调(全部,含认知与应用)
倒装:
具体要求 – 掌握完全倒装和部分倒装的所有规则。

倒装结构用与从句中 再答: 虚拟条件句的基本类型与结构

一、与现在事实相反
若与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If you took a taxi,you'd get there quicker. 如果你坐出租车去,你可以快一点到那里。(但你不坐)
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。(可惜我不知道)
二、与过去事实相反
若与过去事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时(had+过去分词),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+have+过去分词”。如:
If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。(但我动身太迟了)
If we had found him earlier we could have saved his life. 要是我们当时早点找到他的话,我们就可以救活他。(可惜我们找到他太晚了)
三、与将来事实相反
若与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式(be通常用were),主句谓语用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”。如:
If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?(大概他不会去)
If I asked him,I'm sure he'd help us. 如果我向他提出要求,肯定他会帮助我们。(不过我不打算这样做)
注意与说明:对于与将来事实相反的情形,请注意以下几点:
一是这里说的与将来事实相反,实为对将来情况的推测;
二是此用法中的条件从句谓语除用过去式外,有时也用“should+动词原形”(表示可能性极小,常译为“万一”)或“were to+动词原形”(表示与将来事实相反的假设);
三是当条件从句使用“should+动词原形”这样的谓语时,主句谓语除可用“should (would, could, might)+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气外,也可用陈述语气或祈使语气。如:
If I should see him, I'll tell him. 万一我见到他,我就告诉他。
If it should rain tomorrow, don’t expect me. 万一明天下雨,就别等我了。
再答: Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。
注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。例如:
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I   B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do。
特殊的虚拟语气词should
1)在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略。

It is\x09
可用的词有三类
that
(should)do
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等
a pity, a shame, no wonder等

2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do等。例如:
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意:如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
  判断改错: (错) You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错) I insisted that you(should)be wrong.
(对) I insisted that you were wrong.
再答: 倒装句用法
英语的基本句型是主语 + 谓语。如果将主语与谓语调换, 称倒装句。
装句分全倒装句和半倒装句。
一、 全倒装: 主语与谓语交换位置不需任何助动词, 叫全倒装。全倒装有以下三种情况:
1、当here, there, out, in, up, down等副词放在句首时, 句子需全倒装:
There goes the bell! 铃响了! There lived an old man. Here comes the bus.注意: ①在这种情况下倒装仅限于不及物动词或be动词, 像go, come, mush等。 ②主语如果是代词时不需倒装如Away he went. 他走远了。
2、方位状语在句首, 如:
In front of the house stopped a police car.
Nearby were two canoes in which they had come to the island.
Under the tree sat a boy.
3 、直接引语在句首, 这种情况可倒装也可不倒装
"What does it mean?" asked the boy或the boy asked.
二、半倒装: 主语与谓语的助动词交换位置称半倒装, 有以下数种情况:
1,否定意义的词在句首, 句子半倒装, 例如: little, never, not, no, hardly, rarely,seldom
Never shall I forget you. At no time was the man aware of what was happening.
Little did I understand what he said to me at that time.
2、 几对并列连词如not only…but also, hardly… when等连接两个并列句, 连词在句首, 前句半倒装, 后句不倒装:
Not only was everything he had taker away from him, but also his German citizenship was taken away.
No sooner had I got to the bus stop than the bus started.
注意: ①not only…but also连接两个并列主语时不需倒装, 如:Not only you but also I like playing chess.
②neither…nor在句首时, 前后两句都需倒装,Neither do I have a sister nor does my husband.
3、only在句首强调状语, 主句半倒装:
Only then did I realize that I was wrong.Only in this way can I learn from my fault.
Only when the war was over in 1918, was he able to get back to work.
注意: only强调主语不倒装:Only the teachers can use the room.
4、so…that句型, so在句首时, 主句倒装, that从句不倒装:
So easy is it that a clild can learn it.So hard did he work that he finally won the fame.
I saw the film, so did he.
5.省略了if的虚拟条件句
Had I been informed earlier, I could have done something.Were she here, she would support the motion.
再问: 很给力!
再问: 可是我看了有些疑问,虚拟语气中,对现在的假设与对将来的假设,结构怎么是一样的?都是从句过去式,主句could, would…
再答: ||X﹏X不好意思,那个表达有点不准确,再给你看个完整的吧。
再问: 哦,好的!先谢谢
再答: 虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的构成和用法
1. 表示一种与过去事实相反的假设情况,条件从句中的谓语动词要用“had+过去分词”,主句中的谓语动词要用“would / should / could / might+have+过去分词”。如: If you had come here yesterday, you would have seen him. 如果你昨天来到这里,你就会看见他了。 2. 表示一种与目前事实相反的假设情况,条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用一般过去式(be动词常用were),而主句中的谓语动词则要用“would / should / could / might+动词原形”。如: If I had his telephone number, I would call him now. 如果我有他的电话号码,我现在就打电话给他。 If I were you, I would not tell him that. 如果我是你,我就不把那件事告诉他。 3. 表示与将来的事实可能相反的假设情况时,条件状语从句中的谓语动词要用:1) should+动词原形,或2) 一般过去式,或3) were+不定式,主句中的谓语动词要用“would+动词原形“。如: If it snowed tomorrow, many crops would die of cold. = If it were to snow tomorrow, many crops would die of cold. = If it should snow tomorrow, many crops would die of cold. 如果明天下雪,许多庄稼都会冻死。 4. 有时候,条件和结果不是指同一个时间,这时,应根据上面谈到的几种情况,使用相应的形式,这种虚拟语气形式被称为错综虚拟语气。如: If you had listened to the teacher carefully yesterday, you would know how to do the exercise now. 如果你昨天认真听了老师的讲话,你现在就知道如何做这道题了。 5. 使用虚拟语气时,有时候可以省略引导条件状语从句的连词if。这时,从句部分要使用部分倒装,即将从句部分的助动词were / had / should等提到主语前面。如: Were I you, I would not tell him that. Should it snow tomorrow, many crops would die of cold. Had you listened to the teacher carefully yesterday, you would know how to do the exercise now.
再问: 非常感谢!