搜搜考试网求计算机英文文献及翻译
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：搜搜考试网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/05/02 01:41:32
求计算机英文文献及翻译
Computer network virus and precautions
With the new network technology and application of the continuous rapid development of the computer network should
Use of becoming increasingly widespread, the role played by the increasingly important computer networks and human
More inseparable from the lives of the community's reliance on them will keep growing. With
With the continuous development of computer technology, the virus has become increasingly complex and senior, the new generation of
Computer viruses make full use of certain commonly used operating systems and application software for protection of the weak low
Spots have rampant in recent years as the popularity of the Internet in the world, will be attached document containing the virus
The situation in the mail has been increasing spread of the virus through the Internet, making the spread of the virus speed
Sharp also increased, by an ever-increasing scope of the infection. Therefore, the protection of the security of computer networks will be
Will become increasingly important.
A computer virus
The definition of computer virus computer virus (Computer Virus) in the "people's republic of China
The computer information system security protection regulations "which has been clearly defined, the virus" refers to the preparation or
Computer program inserted in the damage or destruction of computer data functions, affecting computer use
Self-replication and can a group of computer instructions, or code. "
Second, network virus
With the development of network and the Internet, a wider spread, the greater New harm
The virus emerged This is the Internet virus. The virus is an emerging concept in the traditional
The virus was not classified network virus this concept, because the development of networks, the traditional virus
The network also has a number of characteristics. Today's Internet virus is a broad notion of a
As as long as it is carried out using the Internet to spread destruction can be known as network viruses, such as:
"Love the back door", "Panda burning incense."
Third, network virus and the distinction between computer virus
The original common computer virus is nothing more than the devastating formatted hard drive, delete system
With the users documents, databases, etc. destruction. The mode of transmission is through nothing but also by virus infection
Mutual copy of the software, carrying the virus, such as the use of pirated optical discs, such as infection disk systems
The pilot virus and infected executable file virus, in addition to a network virus
These are the common characteristics of the virus, but also steal users with remote data, remote control of the other side
Computers and other damaged properties, such as Trojan and consumption of funding the operation of the network computer
Source collapse of the network server worm.
Fourth, the network against virus
Network destructive virus, will directly affect the work of the network, ranging from lowering speed video
Ring for the efficiency of the network, while in the collapse, undermining the server information to a multi-year work destroyed
Dan. Because viruses and other network annually fraud led to economic losses of over 16 billion yuan,
But this figure is constantly rising year by year. The next few years, the size of the market will reach Security
60 billion yuan. One antivirus software experts pointed out: "Network avian flu virus even more." Such as: "Xiong
Cat burning incense "In addition to virus infection through the web site users, the latest virus also through QQ
Loopholes in propagating itself through file-sharing networks, the default sharing, weak password systems, U disk and windows
Forms bottom of the top mobile hard drives, and other means of communication. While LAN once a computer machine
For infection, it can spread through the entire network instant, or even within a very short period of time can be infected
Thousands of computers, can lead to serious networks. Symptoms of poisoning in the performance of computers
There are enforceable. Exe files have become a strange pattern, the pattern shown as "Panda
Burning incense, "and then System blue screen, restart the frequent, hard drive data destruction, serious entire company
All computer LAN will all poisoning. "Panda burning incense," only more than half a month, a few varieties have high
Of more than 50, and the number of its users infected constantly expanding. Makes infected, "Panda burn incense" disease
The personal drug users has been as high as several million people infected with a few more corporate users is rising exponentially. Network
More on the computer network the greater the harm caused by the virus.
V. network transmission of the virus Features
1. Infection fast: single machine environment, the virus can only be passed from one computer diskette
To another, and in the network can be adopted by the rapid spread of network communication mechanism. According to measurement
Set against a typical PC network use in normal circumstances, once a computer workstation sick
Drugs, and will be online within 10 minutes in the several hundreds of all infected computers.
2. Proliferation of a wide range: in the network due to the spread of the virus very quickly and spread to encompass a large area, not only the rapid transmission of all LAN computer, but also through remote workstations virus in一瞬
Inter spread to thousands of miles away.
3. Dissemination in the form of complex and varied: computer viruses in general through the network "
Station server workstation "channels of communication, but in the form of complex and diverse communication.
4. Difficult to completely wipe: the standalone computer virus carriers sometimes can be deleted documents
Or low-level formatted drives, and other measures to eliminate the virus completely, and the network once a computer work
Clean stations failed to disinfect the entire network can be re-infected by the virus, or even just completed removal
The work of a workstation is likely to be on-line by another workstation virus infection. Therefore,
Only workstations in addition to killing viruses, and can not solve the virus harm to the network is.
6, the type of network virus
As the network increasingly developed, the type of network virus has been increasing, generally summed up as
The following categories:
1. Worm
It is the use of the transmission mechanism of replication and dissemination network, the mode of transmission is through the network
And e-mail, the prefix is Worm. For example, in recent years the great harm "Nimda" virus is Demodex
A worm virus. The virus used Microsoft's Windows operating system, computer flu
With this virus, will continue to automatically dial-up Internet access and use information in the document or the address
Sharing network spreads, and ultimately undermine the most important user data.
2. Macro Virus
Hong virus is a Storage in the document or template in the Acer computer virus. The prefix
Macro, once open such documents, which Acer will be implemented, then the virus would Acer
Been enabled transferred to the computer, and in the presence of the Normal template. From then on, all since
The document will be kept moving "infection" that the Hong virus, and if other users opened the flu
Documents with the virus, the Hong virus will be transferred to his computer.
3. Destructive procedures virus
The prefix destructive virus program is: Harm. The characteristics of this virus is a good in itself
Look at the user clicks on icons to temptation, when the user clicks on the virus, the virus will direct users
Computer generated destruction. If C formatted disk (Harm.formatC.f), the killer orders (Harm.
Command.Killer).
4. System virus
The prefix system for the virus: Win32, PE, Win95, W32, W95, and so on. These viruses
The characteristics of the general public can be infected with the windows operating system *. exe and *. dll file,
And through these documents for dissemination. If the CIH virus.
5. Backdoor virus
Backdoor virus prefix is Backdoor. The total of such virus through network -
Sowing, opened the back door to the system to the user and potential safety problems.
6. Bundling machine virus
Bundled-virus prefix is: Binder. The characteristics of this virus is the virus writers will use
Specific procedures will be bundled with a number of applications such as QQ, IE bundled up on the surface
It is normal to see the paper, when users run these bundled virus, will run these applications on the surface
Procedures, and then tied to the operation of hidden virus, which caused harm to the user. Such as: baled
Tied QQ (Binder.QQPass.QQBin), the system killer (Binder.killsys).
7. Script virus
The virus is usually JavaScript scripting code prepared by the malicious code, prefix is usually
Spript, with the general nature of advertising, will modify your IE Home, modify registry, and other information,
Computer user inconvenience caused.
8. Planting procedures virus virus
This virus is of the public will run from the in vivo release of one or several new
Under the virus to the system directory, by the release of a new virus damage. If the glaciers are sowing
(Dropper.BingHe2.2C), MSN striker (Dropper.Worm.Smibag).
9. Joke virus
The prefix is the virus joke: Joke. Also called prank virus. The characteristics of this virus is itself a nice user clicks on icons to temptation,
When the user clicks of this virus, the virus will be made to disrupt the operation scare users, in fact
The virus did not destroy any computer user. Such as: ghost (Joke.Girlghost) virus.
10. Trojan hacking virus
Trojan its prefix is: Trojan, hackers virus prefix General for Hack. Public special
Sex is through the network or system loopholes into the user's system and hidden, and then leaked to the outside world
User information, hackers virus there is a visual interface to the user's computer remotely
Control. Trojans, hackers often paired virus emerging, Trojan horse virus responsible for the invasive power users
Brain, and hackers virus will be passed to the Trojan horse virus control. . General Trojan such as QQ
News tail Trojan Trojan.QQ3344, there are big Trojan.LMir.PSW.60. Virus Form
A PSW or anything like PWD general said that the virus has stolen password function,
If some hacker programs, such as network枭雄Hack.Nether.Client.
7, the mode of transmission and network anti-virus
Through the above, we can see that e-mail viruses spread Click homepage, users download,
Others implant, implant, and other loopholes through five computer transmission, so long as holding these five
A thoroughfare, we will be able to live better anti-virus network.
计算机网络病毒与防范
随着各种新的网络技术的不断应用和迅速发展, 计算机网络的应
用范围变得越来越广泛, 所起的作用越来越重要, 计算机网络与人类
的生活更加密不可分, 社会对其的依赖程度也会随之不断增长.而随
着计算机技术的不断发展, 病毒也变得越来越复杂和高级, 新一代的
计算机病毒充分利用某些常用操作系统与应用软件的低防护性的弱
点不断肆虐, 最近几年随着因特网在全球的普及, 将含病毒文件附加
在邮件中的情况不断增多, 通过网络传播病毒, 使得病毒的扩散速度
也急骤提高, 受感染的范围越来越广.因此, 计算机网络的安全保护将
会变得越来越重要.
一、计算机病毒
计算机病毒的定义计算机病毒(Computer Virus)在《中华人民共和
国计算机信息系统安全保护条例》中被明确定义, 病毒“指编制或者在
计算机程序中插入的破坏计算机功能或者破坏数据, 影响计算机使用
并且能够自我复制的一组计算机指令或者程序代码”.
二、网络病毒
随着网络和Internet 的发展,一个传播范围更广,危害更大的新型
病毒应运而生.这就是网络病毒.网络病毒是一个新兴的概念, 在传统
的病毒分类里没有网络病毒这个概念, 由于网络的发展, 传统的病毒
也就具有了一些网络的特性.如今的网络病毒是一个广义的概念, 一
般只要是利用网络来进行传播、破坏的都可以被称为网络病毒, 如:
“爱情后门”、“熊猫烧香”等.
三、网络病毒与计算机病毒的区别
原先常见的计算机病毒的破坏性无非就是格式化硬盘, 删除系统
与用户文件、破坏数据库等等.而传播途径也无非是通过遭病毒感染
的软件的互相拷贝, 携带病毒的盗版光盘的使用等, 如感染磁盘系统
区的引导型病毒和感染可执行文件的文件型病毒, 而网络病毒除了具
有普通病毒的这些特性外, 还具有远端窃取用户数据、远端控制对方
计算机等破坏特性, 比如特洛伊木马病毒和消耗网络计算机的运行资
源, 拖垮网络服务器的蠕虫病毒.
四、网络病毒的危害
网络上病毒破坏性大, 将直接影响网络的工作, 轻则降低速度, 影
响工作效率, 重则使网络崩溃, 破坏服务器信息, 使多年工作毁于一
旦.每年由于病毒等网络欺诈行为导致的经济损失高达160 亿多元,
而且这个数字逐年还在不断地攀升.未来几年, 安防市场规模将达到
600 亿元.一位杀毒软件专家指出: “网络病毒更甚于禽流感”.如: “熊
猫烧香”除了通过网站带毒感染用户之外, 此病毒还会通过QQ 最新
漏洞传播自身, 通过网络文件共享、默认共享、系统弱口令、U 盘及窗
体顶端窗体底端移动硬盘等多种途径传播.而局域网中只要有一台机
器感染, 就可以瞬间传遍整个网络, 甚至在极短时间之内就可以感染
几千台计算机, 严重时可以导致网络瘫痪.中毒症状表现为电脑中所
有可执行的.exe 文件都变成了一种怪异的图案, 该图案显示为“熊猫
烧香”, 继而系统蓝屏、频繁重启、硬盘数据被破坏等, 严重的整个公司
局域网内所有电脑会全部中毒.“熊猫烧香”仅半个多月, 变种数已高
达50 多个, 并且其感染用户的数量不断扩大.使得感染“熊猫烧香”病
毒的个人用户已经高达几百万, 企业用户感染数更是成倍上升.网络
上的计算机越多, 网络病毒造成的危害越大.
五、网络病毒传播特点
1.感染速度快: 在单机环境下, 病毒只能通过软盘从一台计算机
带到另一台, 而在网络中则可以通过网络通讯机制迅速扩散.根据测
定, 针对一台典型的PC 网络在正常使用情况, 只要有一台工作站有病
毒, 就可在几十分钟内将网上的数百台计算机全部感染.
2.扩散面广: 由于病毒在网络中扩散非常快, 扩散范围很大, 不但能迅速传染局域网内所有计算机, 还能通过远程工作站将病毒在一瞬
间传播到千里之外.
3.传播的形式复杂多样: 计算机病毒在网络上一般是通过“工作
站服务器工作站”的途径进行传播的, 但传播的形式复杂多样.
4.难于彻底清除: 单机上的计算机病毒有时可通过删除带毒文件
或低级格式化硬盘等措施将病毒彻底清除, 而网络中只要有一台工作
站未能消毒干净就可使整个网络重新被病毒感染, 甚至刚刚完成清除
工作的一台工作站就有可能被网上另一台带毒工作站所感染.因此,
仅对工作站进行病毒杀除, 并不能解决病毒对网络的危害.
六、网络病毒的类型
由于网络越来越发达, 网络病毒的种类也越来越多, 大体归纳为
以下几类:
1.蠕虫病毒
它的传染机理是利用网络进行复制和传播, 传染途径是通过网络
和电子邮件,前缀是Worm.比如近年危害很大的“尼姆达”病毒就是蠕
虫病毒的一种.这一病毒利用了微软视窗操作系统的漏洞, 计算机感
染这一病毒后, 会不断自动拨号上网, 并利用文件中的地址信息或者
网络共享进行传播, 最终破坏用户的大部分重要数据.
2.宏病毒
宏病毒是一种寄存在文档或模板的宏中的计算机病毒.前缀是
Macro, 一旦打开这样的文档, 其中的宏就会被执行, 于是宏病毒就会
被激活, 转移到计算机上, 并驻留在Normal 模板上.从此以后, 所有自
动保存的文档都会“感染”上这种宏病毒, 而且如果其他用户打开了感
染病毒的文档, 宏病毒又会转移到他的计算机上.
3.破坏性程序病毒
破坏性程序病毒的前缀是: Harm.这类病毒的特性是本身具有好
看的图标来诱惑用户点击, 当用户点击病毒时, 病毒便会直接对用户
计算机产生破坏.如格式化C 盘(Harm.formatC.f) 、杀手命令(Harm.
Command.Killer) 等.
4.系统病毒
系统病毒的前缀为:Win32、PE、Win95、W32、W95 等.这些病毒的
一般公有的特性是可以感染windows 操作系统的*.exe 和*.dll 文件,
并通过这些文件进行传播.如CIH 病毒.
5.后门病毒
后门病毒的前缀是Backdoor.该类病毒的共有特性是通过网络传
播, 给系统开后门, 给用户带来安全隐患.
6.捆绑机病毒
捆绑机病毒的前缀是: Binder.这类病毒的特性是病毒作者会使用
特定的捆绑程序将病毒与一些应用程序如QQ、IE 捆绑起来, 表面上
看是正常文件, 当用户运行这些捆绑病毒时, 会表面上运行这些应用
程序, 然后隐藏运行捆绑在一起的病毒, 从而给用户造成危害.如: 捆
绑QQ(Binder.QQPass.QQBin) 、系统杀手(Binder.killsys) 等.
7.脚本病毒
脚本病毒通常是JavaScript 代码编写的恶意代码, 前缀是通常为
Spript, 一般带有广告性质, 会修改您的IE 首页、修改注册表等信息,
造成用户使用计算机不方便.
8.病毒种植程序病毒
这类病毒的公有特性是运行时会从体内释放出一个或几个新的
病毒到系统目录下, 由释放出来的新病毒产生破坏.如冰河播种者
(Dropper.BingHe2.2C) 、MSN 射手(Dropper.Worm.Smibag)等.
9.玩笑病毒
玩笑病毒的前缀是: Joke.也称恶作剧病毒.这类病毒的特性是本身具有好看的图标来诱惑用户点击,
当用户点击这类病毒时, 病毒会做出各种破坏操作来吓唬用户, 其实
病毒并没有对用户电脑进行任何破坏.如: 女鬼( Joke.Girlghost) 病毒.
10.木马黑客病毒
木马病毒其前缀是: Trojan, 黑客病毒前缀名一般为Hack.公有特
性是通过网络或者系统漏洞进入用户的系统并隐藏, 然后向外界泄露
用户信息, 黑客病毒则有一个可视的界面, 能对用户的电脑进行远程
控制.木马、黑客病毒往往是成对出现的, 木马病毒负责侵入用户的电
脑, 而黑客病毒则会通过该木马病毒来进行控制.一般的木马如QQ
消息尾巴木马Trojan.QQ3344, 还有大Trojan.LMir.PSW.60.病毒名中
有PSW或者什么PWD 之类的一般表示这个病毒有盗取密码的功能,
一些黑客程序如网络枭雄Hack.Nether.Client 等.
With the new network technology and application of the continuous rapid development of the computer network should
Use of becoming increasingly widespread, the role played by the increasingly important computer networks and human
More inseparable from the lives of the community's reliance on them will keep growing. With
With the continuous development of computer technology, the virus has become increasingly complex and senior, the new generation of
Computer viruses make full use of certain commonly used operating systems and application software for protection of the weak low
Spots have rampant in recent years as the popularity of the Internet in the world, will be attached document containing the virus
The situation in the mail has been increasing spread of the virus through the Internet, making the spread of the virus speed
Sharp also increased, by an ever-increasing scope of the infection. Therefore, the protection of the security of computer networks will be
Will become increasingly important.
A computer virus
The definition of computer virus computer virus (Computer Virus) in the "people's republic of China
The computer information system security protection regulations "which has been clearly defined, the virus" refers to the preparation or
Computer program inserted in the damage or destruction of computer data functions, affecting computer use
Self-replication and can a group of computer instructions, or code. "
Second, network virus
With the development of network and the Internet, a wider spread, the greater New harm
The virus emerged This is the Internet virus. The virus is an emerging concept in the traditional
The virus was not classified network virus this concept, because the development of networks, the traditional virus
The network also has a number of characteristics. Today's Internet virus is a broad notion of a
As as long as it is carried out using the Internet to spread destruction can be known as network viruses, such as:
"Love the back door", "Panda burning incense."
Third, network virus and the distinction between computer virus
The original common computer virus is nothing more than the devastating formatted hard drive, delete system
With the users documents, databases, etc. destruction. The mode of transmission is through nothing but also by virus infection
Mutual copy of the software, carrying the virus, such as the use of pirated optical discs, such as infection disk systems
The pilot virus and infected executable file virus, in addition to a network virus
These are the common characteristics of the virus, but also steal users with remote data, remote control of the other side
Computers and other damaged properties, such as Trojan and consumption of funding the operation of the network computer
Source collapse of the network server worm.
Fourth, the network against virus
Network destructive virus, will directly affect the work of the network, ranging from lowering speed video
Ring for the efficiency of the network, while in the collapse, undermining the server information to a multi-year work destroyed
Dan. Because viruses and other network annually fraud led to economic losses of over 16 billion yuan,
But this figure is constantly rising year by year. The next few years, the size of the market will reach Security
60 billion yuan. One antivirus software experts pointed out: "Network avian flu virus even more." Such as: "Xiong
Cat burning incense "In addition to virus infection through the web site users, the latest virus also through QQ
Loopholes in propagating itself through file-sharing networks, the default sharing, weak password systems, U disk and windows
Forms bottom of the top mobile hard drives, and other means of communication. While LAN once a computer machine
For infection, it can spread through the entire network instant, or even within a very short period of time can be infected
Thousands of computers, can lead to serious networks. Symptoms of poisoning in the performance of computers
There are enforceable. Exe files have become a strange pattern, the pattern shown as "Panda
Burning incense, "and then System blue screen, restart the frequent, hard drive data destruction, serious entire company
All computer LAN will all poisoning. "Panda burning incense," only more than half a month, a few varieties have high
Of more than 50, and the number of its users infected constantly expanding. Makes infected, "Panda burn incense" disease
The personal drug users has been as high as several million people infected with a few more corporate users is rising exponentially. Network
More on the computer network the greater the harm caused by the virus.
V. network transmission of the virus Features
1. Infection fast: single machine environment, the virus can only be passed from one computer diskette
To another, and in the network can be adopted by the rapid spread of network communication mechanism. According to measurement
Set against a typical PC network use in normal circumstances, once a computer workstation sick
Drugs, and will be online within 10 minutes in the several hundreds of all infected computers.
2. Proliferation of a wide range: in the network due to the spread of the virus very quickly and spread to encompass a large area, not only the rapid transmission of all LAN computer, but also through remote workstations virus in一瞬
Inter spread to thousands of miles away.
3. Dissemination in the form of complex and varied: computer viruses in general through the network "
Station server workstation "channels of communication, but in the form of complex and diverse communication.
4. Difficult to completely wipe: the standalone computer virus carriers sometimes can be deleted documents
Or low-level formatted drives, and other measures to eliminate the virus completely, and the network once a computer work
Clean stations failed to disinfect the entire network can be re-infected by the virus, or even just completed removal
The work of a workstation is likely to be on-line by another workstation virus infection. Therefore,
Only workstations in addition to killing viruses, and can not solve the virus harm to the network is.
6, the type of network virus
As the network increasingly developed, the type of network virus has been increasing, generally summed up as
The following categories:
1. Worm
It is the use of the transmission mechanism of replication and dissemination network, the mode of transmission is through the network
And e-mail, the prefix is Worm. For example, in recent years the great harm "Nimda" virus is Demodex
A worm virus. The virus used Microsoft's Windows operating system, computer flu
With this virus, will continue to automatically dial-up Internet access and use information in the document or the address
Sharing network spreads, and ultimately undermine the most important user data.
2. Macro Virus
Hong virus is a Storage in the document or template in the Acer computer virus. The prefix
Macro, once open such documents, which Acer will be implemented, then the virus would Acer
Been enabled transferred to the computer, and in the presence of the Normal template. From then on, all since
The document will be kept moving "infection" that the Hong virus, and if other users opened the flu
Documents with the virus, the Hong virus will be transferred to his computer.
3. Destructive procedures virus
The prefix destructive virus program is: Harm. The characteristics of this virus is a good in itself
Look at the user clicks on icons to temptation, when the user clicks on the virus, the virus will direct users
Computer generated destruction. If C formatted disk (Harm.formatC.f), the killer orders (Harm.
Command.Killer).
4. System virus
The prefix system for the virus: Win32, PE, Win95, W32, W95, and so on. These viruses
The characteristics of the general public can be infected with the windows operating system *. exe and *. dll file,
And through these documents for dissemination. If the CIH virus.
5. Backdoor virus
Backdoor virus prefix is Backdoor. The total of such virus through network -
Sowing, opened the back door to the system to the user and potential safety problems.
6. Bundling machine virus
Bundled-virus prefix is: Binder. The characteristics of this virus is the virus writers will use
Specific procedures will be bundled with a number of applications such as QQ, IE bundled up on the surface
It is normal to see the paper, when users run these bundled virus, will run these applications on the surface
Procedures, and then tied to the operation of hidden virus, which caused harm to the user. Such as: baled
Tied QQ (Binder.QQPass.QQBin), the system killer (Binder.killsys).
7. Script virus
The virus is usually JavaScript scripting code prepared by the malicious code, prefix is usually
Spript, with the general nature of advertising, will modify your IE Home, modify registry, and other information,
Computer user inconvenience caused.
8. Planting procedures virus virus
This virus is of the public will run from the in vivo release of one or several new
Under the virus to the system directory, by the release of a new virus damage. If the glaciers are sowing
(Dropper.BingHe2.2C), MSN striker (Dropper.Worm.Smibag).
9. Joke virus
The prefix is the virus joke: Joke. Also called prank virus. The characteristics of this virus is itself a nice user clicks on icons to temptation,
When the user clicks of this virus, the virus will be made to disrupt the operation scare users, in fact
The virus did not destroy any computer user. Such as: ghost (Joke.Girlghost) virus.
10. Trojan hacking virus
Trojan its prefix is: Trojan, hackers virus prefix General for Hack. Public special
Sex is through the network or system loopholes into the user's system and hidden, and then leaked to the outside world
User information, hackers virus there is a visual interface to the user's computer remotely
Control. Trojans, hackers often paired virus emerging, Trojan horse virus responsible for the invasive power users
Brain, and hackers virus will be passed to the Trojan horse virus control. . General Trojan such as QQ
News tail Trojan Trojan.QQ3344, there are big Trojan.LMir.PSW.60. Virus Form
A PSW or anything like PWD general said that the virus has stolen password function,
If some hacker programs, such as network枭雄Hack.Nether.Client.
7, the mode of transmission and network anti-virus
Through the above, we can see that e-mail viruses spread Click homepage, users download,
Others implant, implant, and other loopholes through five computer transmission, so long as holding these five
A thoroughfare, we will be able to live better anti-virus network.
计算机网络病毒与防范
随着各种新的网络技术的不断应用和迅速发展, 计算机网络的应
用范围变得越来越广泛, 所起的作用越来越重要, 计算机网络与人类
的生活更加密不可分, 社会对其的依赖程度也会随之不断增长.而随
着计算机技术的不断发展, 病毒也变得越来越复杂和高级, 新一代的
计算机病毒充分利用某些常用操作系统与应用软件的低防护性的弱
点不断肆虐, 最近几年随着因特网在全球的普及, 将含病毒文件附加
在邮件中的情况不断增多, 通过网络传播病毒, 使得病毒的扩散速度
也急骤提高, 受感染的范围越来越广.因此, 计算机网络的安全保护将
会变得越来越重要.
一、计算机病毒
计算机病毒的定义计算机病毒(Computer Virus)在《中华人民共和
国计算机信息系统安全保护条例》中被明确定义, 病毒“指编制或者在
计算机程序中插入的破坏计算机功能或者破坏数据, 影响计算机使用
并且能够自我复制的一组计算机指令或者程序代码”.
二、网络病毒
随着网络和Internet 的发展,一个传播范围更广,危害更大的新型
病毒应运而生.这就是网络病毒.网络病毒是一个新兴的概念, 在传统
的病毒分类里没有网络病毒这个概念, 由于网络的发展, 传统的病毒
也就具有了一些网络的特性.如今的网络病毒是一个广义的概念, 一
般只要是利用网络来进行传播、破坏的都可以被称为网络病毒, 如:
“爱情后门”、“熊猫烧香”等.
三、网络病毒与计算机病毒的区别
原先常见的计算机病毒的破坏性无非就是格式化硬盘, 删除系统
与用户文件、破坏数据库等等.而传播途径也无非是通过遭病毒感染
的软件的互相拷贝, 携带病毒的盗版光盘的使用等, 如感染磁盘系统
区的引导型病毒和感染可执行文件的文件型病毒, 而网络病毒除了具
有普通病毒的这些特性外, 还具有远端窃取用户数据、远端控制对方
计算机等破坏特性, 比如特洛伊木马病毒和消耗网络计算机的运行资
源, 拖垮网络服务器的蠕虫病毒.
四、网络病毒的危害
网络上病毒破坏性大, 将直接影响网络的工作, 轻则降低速度, 影
响工作效率, 重则使网络崩溃, 破坏服务器信息, 使多年工作毁于一
旦.每年由于病毒等网络欺诈行为导致的经济损失高达160 亿多元,
而且这个数字逐年还在不断地攀升.未来几年, 安防市场规模将达到
600 亿元.一位杀毒软件专家指出: “网络病毒更甚于禽流感”.如: “熊
猫烧香”除了通过网站带毒感染用户之外, 此病毒还会通过QQ 最新
漏洞传播自身, 通过网络文件共享、默认共享、系统弱口令、U 盘及窗
体顶端窗体底端移动硬盘等多种途径传播.而局域网中只要有一台机
器感染, 就可以瞬间传遍整个网络, 甚至在极短时间之内就可以感染
几千台计算机, 严重时可以导致网络瘫痪.中毒症状表现为电脑中所
有可执行的.exe 文件都变成了一种怪异的图案, 该图案显示为“熊猫
烧香”, 继而系统蓝屏、频繁重启、硬盘数据被破坏等, 严重的整个公司
局域网内所有电脑会全部中毒.“熊猫烧香”仅半个多月, 变种数已高
达50 多个, 并且其感染用户的数量不断扩大.使得感染“熊猫烧香”病
毒的个人用户已经高达几百万, 企业用户感染数更是成倍上升.网络
上的计算机越多, 网络病毒造成的危害越大.
五、网络病毒传播特点
1.感染速度快: 在单机环境下, 病毒只能通过软盘从一台计算机
带到另一台, 而在网络中则可以通过网络通讯机制迅速扩散.根据测
定, 针对一台典型的PC 网络在正常使用情况, 只要有一台工作站有病
毒, 就可在几十分钟内将网上的数百台计算机全部感染.
2.扩散面广: 由于病毒在网络中扩散非常快, 扩散范围很大, 不但能迅速传染局域网内所有计算机, 还能通过远程工作站将病毒在一瞬
间传播到千里之外.
3.传播的形式复杂多样: 计算机病毒在网络上一般是通过“工作
站服务器工作站”的途径进行传播的, 但传播的形式复杂多样.
4.难于彻底清除: 单机上的计算机病毒有时可通过删除带毒文件
或低级格式化硬盘等措施将病毒彻底清除, 而网络中只要有一台工作
站未能消毒干净就可使整个网络重新被病毒感染, 甚至刚刚完成清除
工作的一台工作站就有可能被网上另一台带毒工作站所感染.因此,
仅对工作站进行病毒杀除, 并不能解决病毒对网络的危害.
六、网络病毒的类型
由于网络越来越发达, 网络病毒的种类也越来越多, 大体归纳为
以下几类:
1.蠕虫病毒
它的传染机理是利用网络进行复制和传播, 传染途径是通过网络
和电子邮件,前缀是Worm.比如近年危害很大的“尼姆达”病毒就是蠕
虫病毒的一种.这一病毒利用了微软视窗操作系统的漏洞, 计算机感
染这一病毒后, 会不断自动拨号上网, 并利用文件中的地址信息或者
网络共享进行传播, 最终破坏用户的大部分重要数据.
2.宏病毒
宏病毒是一种寄存在文档或模板的宏中的计算机病毒.前缀是
Macro, 一旦打开这样的文档, 其中的宏就会被执行, 于是宏病毒就会
被激活, 转移到计算机上, 并驻留在Normal 模板上.从此以后, 所有自
动保存的文档都会“感染”上这种宏病毒, 而且如果其他用户打开了感
染病毒的文档, 宏病毒又会转移到他的计算机上.
3.破坏性程序病毒
破坏性程序病毒的前缀是: Harm.这类病毒的特性是本身具有好
看的图标来诱惑用户点击, 当用户点击病毒时, 病毒便会直接对用户
计算机产生破坏.如格式化C 盘(Harm.formatC.f) 、杀手命令(Harm.
Command.Killer) 等.
4.系统病毒
系统病毒的前缀为:Win32、PE、Win95、W32、W95 等.这些病毒的
一般公有的特性是可以感染windows 操作系统的*.exe 和*.dll 文件,
并通过这些文件进行传播.如CIH 病毒.
5.后门病毒
后门病毒的前缀是Backdoor.该类病毒的共有特性是通过网络传
播, 给系统开后门, 给用户带来安全隐患.
6.捆绑机病毒
捆绑机病毒的前缀是: Binder.这类病毒的特性是病毒作者会使用
特定的捆绑程序将病毒与一些应用程序如QQ、IE 捆绑起来, 表面上
看是正常文件, 当用户运行这些捆绑病毒时, 会表面上运行这些应用
程序, 然后隐藏运行捆绑在一起的病毒, 从而给用户造成危害.如: 捆
绑QQ(Binder.QQPass.QQBin) 、系统杀手(Binder.killsys) 等.
7.脚本病毒
脚本病毒通常是JavaScript 代码编写的恶意代码, 前缀是通常为
Spript, 一般带有广告性质, 会修改您的IE 首页、修改注册表等信息,
造成用户使用计算机不方便.
8.病毒种植程序病毒
这类病毒的公有特性是运行时会从体内释放出一个或几个新的
病毒到系统目录下, 由释放出来的新病毒产生破坏.如冰河播种者
(Dropper.BingHe2.2C) 、MSN 射手(Dropper.Worm.Smibag)等.
9.玩笑病毒
玩笑病毒的前缀是: Joke.也称恶作剧病毒.这类病毒的特性是本身具有好看的图标来诱惑用户点击,
当用户点击这类病毒时, 病毒会做出各种破坏操作来吓唬用户, 其实
病毒并没有对用户电脑进行任何破坏.如: 女鬼( Joke.Girlghost) 病毒.
10.木马黑客病毒
木马病毒其前缀是: Trojan, 黑客病毒前缀名一般为Hack.公有特
性是通过网络或者系统漏洞进入用户的系统并隐藏, 然后向外界泄露
用户信息, 黑客病毒则有一个可视的界面, 能对用户的电脑进行远程
控制.木马、黑客病毒往往是成对出现的, 木马病毒负责侵入用户的电
脑, 而黑客病毒则会通过该木马病毒来进行控制.一般的木马如QQ
消息尾巴木马Trojan.QQ3344, 还有大Trojan.LMir.PSW.60.病毒名中
有PSW或者什么PWD 之类的一般表示这个病毒有盗取密码的功能,
一些黑客程序如网络枭雄Hack.Nether.Client 等.