搜搜考试网美国33任总统中英文简介
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美国33任总统中英文简介
LZ说的是第33任吧~~杜鲁门
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953). As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice-president and the 34th Vice President of the United States, he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his historic fourth term.
During World War I, Truman served as an artillery officer, making him the only president to have seen combat in World War I (his successor Eisenhower spent the war training tank crews in Pennsylvania). After the war he became part of the political machine of Tom Pendergast and was elected a county commissioner in Missouri and eventually a Democratic United States senator. After he gained national prominence as head of the wartime Truman Committee, Truman replaced vice president Henry A. Wallace as Roosevelt's running mate in 1944.
Truman faced many challenges in domestic affairs. The disorderly postwar reconversion of the economy of the United States was marked by severe shortages, numerous strikes, and the passage of the Taft–Hartley Act over his veto. He confounded all predictions to win election in 1948, helped by his famous Whistle Stop Tour of rural America. After his election he was able to pass only one of the proposals in his Fair Deal program. He used executive orders to begin desegregation of the military and create loyalty checks that dismissed thousands of communist supporters from office, even though he strongly opposed mandatory loyalty oaths for governmental employees, a stance that led to charges that his administration was soft on communism. Truman's presidency was also eventful in foreign affairs, with the end of World War II and his decision to use nuclear weapons against Japan, the founding of the United Nations, the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe, the Truman Doctrine to contain communism, the beginning of the Cold War, the Berlin Airlift, the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Chinese Civil War, and the Korean War. Corruption in Truman's administration, which was linked to certain members in the cabinet and senior White House staff, was a central issue in the 1952 presidential campaign and helped cause Adlai Stevenson, Truman's successor for the Democratic nomination for president, to lose to Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower in the 1952 presidential election.
Truman, whose demeanor was very different from that of Roosevelt, was a folksy, unassuming president. He popularized such phrases as "The buck stops here" and "If you can't stand the heat, you better get out of the kitchen." He overcame the low expectations of many political observers, who compared him unfavorably with his highly regarded predecessor. At different times in his presidency, Truman earned both the lowest public approval ratings ever recorded, and the highest recorded until 1991. Popular and scholarly assessments of his presidency became more positive after his retirement from politics and the publication of his memoirs. Truman's legendary upset victory in 1948 over Thomas E. Dewey is routinely invoked by underdog presidential candidates.
哈利·S·杜鲁门（Harry S. Truman,1884年5月8日－1972年12月26日）,美国民主党政治家,第34任副总统（1945年）,随后接替因病逝世的富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统,成为了第33任美国总统（1945年－1953年）.
面对美国国内事务,杜鲁门总统正好遇上了新一轮混乱的经济衰退周期,当时物资短缺、有无数的罢工事件和有关否决《塔夫脱-哈特利法》的争议,都是当代的写照.杜鲁门虽于1948年成功连任总统,但却未能成功掌握国会的多数,以致于他的“良政”计划几乎全部流产.然而他曾率先以行政命令在美军内部施行废除种族隔离,并因应形势主持第二次“红色恐慌”,从政府部门辞退了数以千计可能影响国政的共产党同情者.不过,由于受到一连串的财政丑闻打击,有达数百位由他任命的官员必须辞职.
面对美国外交事务,杜鲁门总统任内发生了不少世界大事,首先是盟军战胜纳粹德国、广岛与长崎原子弹爆炸、日本投降和第二次世界大战的正式结束；接着是联合国的成立、以重建欧洲为旨的“马歇尔计划”的落实、杜鲁门主义对抗共产主义、冷战的开始、北约的成立以及朝鲜战争的爆发.其中朝鲜战争使美中韩三国付出了沉重的代价,其中只有苏联获取了实质利益.在美国方面,战争使44,000名美军阵亡和失踪,并直接破坏杜鲁门第二次连任的计划.最终,共和党的德怀特·艾森豪威尔凭借反对杜鲁门的运动与标语“韩国!共产主义!贪污!”（Korea! Communism! Corruption!）赢得人心,而在1952年出任总统,结束了民主党长达20年的执政.
杜鲁门是位素以友善和谦逊闻名的总统,他的不少名言,如“推卸责任止于此”（The buck stops here!）和“怕热就别进厨房”（If you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.）等等,都成为家喻户晓的名言.相比前任总统,杜鲁门的支持度不算高,但他谨慎果断的性格令他得以面对险峻的国际情势时,可以克服许多艰巨的挑战.尽管他最后在1952年被迫放弃竞选连任,但今日的历史学者仍视他为最出色的美国总统之一.
Harry S. Truman (May 8, 1884 – December 26, 1972) was the 33rd President of the United States (1945–1953). As President Franklin D. Roosevelt's third vice-president and the 34th Vice President of the United States, he succeeded to the presidency on April 12, 1945, when President Roosevelt died less than three months after beginning his historic fourth term.
During World War I, Truman served as an artillery officer, making him the only president to have seen combat in World War I (his successor Eisenhower spent the war training tank crews in Pennsylvania). After the war he became part of the political machine of Tom Pendergast and was elected a county commissioner in Missouri and eventually a Democratic United States senator. After he gained national prominence as head of the wartime Truman Committee, Truman replaced vice president Henry A. Wallace as Roosevelt's running mate in 1944.
Truman faced many challenges in domestic affairs. The disorderly postwar reconversion of the economy of the United States was marked by severe shortages, numerous strikes, and the passage of the Taft–Hartley Act over his veto. He confounded all predictions to win election in 1948, helped by his famous Whistle Stop Tour of rural America. After his election he was able to pass only one of the proposals in his Fair Deal program. He used executive orders to begin desegregation of the military and create loyalty checks that dismissed thousands of communist supporters from office, even though he strongly opposed mandatory loyalty oaths for governmental employees, a stance that led to charges that his administration was soft on communism. Truman's presidency was also eventful in foreign affairs, with the end of World War II and his decision to use nuclear weapons against Japan, the founding of the United Nations, the Marshall Plan to rebuild Europe, the Truman Doctrine to contain communism, the beginning of the Cold War, the Berlin Airlift, the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), Chinese Civil War, and the Korean War. Corruption in Truman's administration, which was linked to certain members in the cabinet and senior White House staff, was a central issue in the 1952 presidential campaign and helped cause Adlai Stevenson, Truman's successor for the Democratic nomination for president, to lose to Republican Dwight D. Eisenhower in the 1952 presidential election.
Truman, whose demeanor was very different from that of Roosevelt, was a folksy, unassuming president. He popularized such phrases as "The buck stops here" and "If you can't stand the heat, you better get out of the kitchen." He overcame the low expectations of many political observers, who compared him unfavorably with his highly regarded predecessor. At different times in his presidency, Truman earned both the lowest public approval ratings ever recorded, and the highest recorded until 1991. Popular and scholarly assessments of his presidency became more positive after his retirement from politics and the publication of his memoirs. Truman's legendary upset victory in 1948 over Thomas E. Dewey is routinely invoked by underdog presidential candidates.
哈利·S·杜鲁门（Harry S. Truman,1884年5月8日－1972年12月26日）,美国民主党政治家,第34任副总统（1945年）,随后接替因病逝世的富兰克林·D·罗斯福总统,成为了第33任美国总统（1945年－1953年）.
面对美国国内事务,杜鲁门总统正好遇上了新一轮混乱的经济衰退周期,当时物资短缺、有无数的罢工事件和有关否决《塔夫脱-哈特利法》的争议,都是当代的写照.杜鲁门虽于1948年成功连任总统,但却未能成功掌握国会的多数,以致于他的“良政”计划几乎全部流产.然而他曾率先以行政命令在美军内部施行废除种族隔离,并因应形势主持第二次“红色恐慌”,从政府部门辞退了数以千计可能影响国政的共产党同情者.不过,由于受到一连串的财政丑闻打击,有达数百位由他任命的官员必须辞职.
面对美国外交事务,杜鲁门总统任内发生了不少世界大事,首先是盟军战胜纳粹德国、广岛与长崎原子弹爆炸、日本投降和第二次世界大战的正式结束；接着是联合国的成立、以重建欧洲为旨的“马歇尔计划”的落实、杜鲁门主义对抗共产主义、冷战的开始、北约的成立以及朝鲜战争的爆发.其中朝鲜战争使美中韩三国付出了沉重的代价,其中只有苏联获取了实质利益.在美国方面,战争使44,000名美军阵亡和失踪,并直接破坏杜鲁门第二次连任的计划.最终,共和党的德怀特·艾森豪威尔凭借反对杜鲁门的运动与标语“韩国!共产主义!贪污!”（Korea! Communism! Corruption!）赢得人心,而在1952年出任总统,结束了民主党长达20年的执政.
杜鲁门是位素以友善和谦逊闻名的总统,他的不少名言,如“推卸责任止于此”（The buck stops here!）和“怕热就别进厨房”（If you can't stand the heat, get out of the kitchen.）等等,都成为家喻户晓的名言.相比前任总统,杜鲁门的支持度不算高,但他谨慎果断的性格令他得以面对险峻的国际情势时,可以克服许多艰巨的挑战.尽管他最后在1952年被迫放弃竞选连任,但今日的历史学者仍视他为最出色的美国总统之一.