英语翻译Properties of materialsOne material can often be disting

英语翻译
Properties of materials
One material can often be distinguished from another by means of physical properties,such as color,density,specific heat,coefficient of thermal expansion,thermal and electrical conductivity,magnetic properties,and melting point.Some of these,for example,thermal conductivity,electrical conductivity,and density,may be of prime importance in selecting material for certain specific uses.Those properties that describe how a material reacts to mechanical usage,however,are often more important to the engineer in selecting materials in connection with design.These mechanical properties relate to how the material will react to the various loadings during service.
Mechanical properties are the characteristic responses of a material to applied forces.These properties fall into five broad categories:strength,hardness,elasticity,ductility,and toughness.
(1) Strength is the ability of a material to resist penetration and abrasion.Bridges girders,elevator cables,and building beams all must have this property.
(2) Hardness is the ability of a material to resist penetration and abrasion.Cutting tools,files,and drills must resist abrasion,or wear.Armor plate,crushing machinery,and metal rolls for steel mills all must resist penetration.
(3) Elasticity is the ability to spring back to original shape.Auto bumpers and all springs should have this quality.
(4) Ductility is the ability to undergo permanent changes of shape without rupturing.Modern,deep-formed auto bodies and fenders and other stamped and formed products must have this property.
(5) Toughness is the ability to absorb mechanically applied energy.Strength and ductility determine a material's toughness.Toughness is needed in railroad cars,automobile axles,hammers rails and similar products.

材料性质
一种材料往往是区别于另一个通过物理特性,例如颜色、密度、比热、热膨胀系数、热、导电性、磁性、熔点.其中的一些,例如,导热性、导电性,及密度,可能是最重要的选择材料在特定的用途.这些特性,描述了一个资料反应机械的用法,但是,往往更重要材料选择的工程师在结合设计.这些机械性能与材料会如何反应的各种载荷在服务.
机械性能是特色的反应受力的材料.这些特性分为五个大类:强度,硬度、弹性、延性和韧性.
(1)力量的能力是一个物质的抗渗透、耐磨性能.桥梁梁、电梯电缆和楼房梁柱始终都要有这份财产.
(2)硬度的能力是一个物质的抗渗透、耐磨性能.刀具,文件,和训练必须抵制磨损,或穿著.钢板、破碎机械,金属冷压钢厂都必须抵制的渗透.
(3)弹性的能力是弹簧恢复到原来的形状.汽车保险杠和所有弹簧应该具有这种品质.
(4)延性的能力是接受永久变化的形状没有形变.现代汽车的身体和deep-formed挡泥板和其他盖章形成产品必须有这份财产.
(5)韧性是机械地搬用才能吸收能量.确定强度和优良的延性材料的韧性.需要汽车韧性铁路、汽车轮轴,西汉姆的铁轨上的同类产品.
望采纳,