搜搜考试网英语翻译汉语,经济学原论里面的几句话之三.高分悬赏啊!
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英语翻译汉语,经济学原论里面的几句话之三.高分悬赏啊!
1． This chapter used basic tools developed in the previous chapters to demonstrate how useful economics is in analyzing a wide range of social policy questions.
2． Crime is an economic activity and can be analyzed as a rational decision of the criminal. To decrease criminal activity, one need only decrease the benefits the criminal receives or increase the costs the criminal must pay. This holds for the entire range of crime, from illegal parking to armed robbery or murder.
3． The concepts of supply, demand, and elasticity can be used to determine tax incidence. The more inelastic the demand for a product and the more elastic the supply, the greater the amount of the tax paid by the consumer. Conversely, the greater the elasticity of demand for a product and the more inelastic the supply, the more the tax is paid by producer. In other words, relative elasticities determine tax incidence.
4． Price ceilings are attempts to keep prices from rising to their equilibrium level. Price ceilings cause shortages, and black markets often develop in response to the shortage. Rent control is an example of a price ceiling.
5． Price floors are attempts to keep market prices from declining below a certain level. Price floors cause surpluses that must be absorbed to prevent the price from falling. Agricultural support prices and minimum wages are examples of price floors.
6． The energy crisis as it pertains to natural gas is a good example of how price ceilings disrupt markets. The lesson is that price ceilings are very difficult to remove even after the damage they cause is well understood. This type of intervention seems likely in the health care industy.
7． The farm problem has in part been caused by the supply and demand characteristics of the industry and in part by the rapid productivity gains in agricultural production. The government has been active in agricultural markets for a long time and the effects of this activity can be examined by using the concepts of supply and demand.
1． This chapter used basic tools developed in the previous chapters to demonstrate how useful economics is in analyzing a wide range of social policy questions.
2． Crime is an economic activity and can be analyzed as a rational decision of the criminal. To decrease criminal activity, one need only decrease the benefits the criminal receives or increase the costs the criminal must pay. This holds for the entire range of crime, from illegal parking to armed robbery or murder.
3． The concepts of supply, demand, and elasticity can be used to determine tax incidence. The more inelastic the demand for a product and the more elastic the supply, the greater the amount of the tax paid by the consumer. Conversely, the greater the elasticity of demand for a product and the more inelastic the supply, the more the tax is paid by producer. In other words, relative elasticities determine tax incidence.
4． Price ceilings are attempts to keep prices from rising to their equilibrium level. Price ceilings cause shortages, and black markets often develop in response to the shortage. Rent control is an example of a price ceiling.
5． Price floors are attempts to keep market prices from declining below a certain level. Price floors cause surpluses that must be absorbed to prevent the price from falling. Agricultural support prices and minimum wages are examples of price floors.
6． The energy crisis as it pertains to natural gas is a good example of how price ceilings disrupt markets. The lesson is that price ceilings are very difficult to remove even after the damage they cause is well understood. This type of intervention seems likely in the health care industy.
7． The farm problem has in part been caused by the supply and demand characteristics of the industry and in part by the rapid productivity gains in agricultural production. The government has been active in agricultural markets for a long time and the effects of this activity can be examined by using the concepts of supply and demand.
1． This chapter used basic tools developed in the previous chapters to demonstrate how useful economics is in analyzing a wide range of social policy questions.
【本章节运用了前几章所阐述的(经济学)基本工具来证明经济学在分析全球范围内的社会政策问题上到底发挥了多大的作用.】
2． Crime is an economic activity and can be analyzed as a rational decision of the criminal.To decrease criminal activity,one need only decrease the benefits the criminal receives or increase the costs the criminal must pay.This holds for the entire range of crime,from illegal parking to armed robbery or murder.
【犯罪是一种经济行为,并可以被当作“罪犯的一种理性决策”来进行分析.想要减低犯罪率,只需要减少罪犯的犯罪收益或者提高其犯罪成本.这种方法使用于从非法停车到持械抢劫甚至谋杀等等的一系列犯罪行为.】
3． The concepts of supply,demand,and elasticity can be used to determine tax incidence.The more inelastic the demand for a product and the more elastic the supply,the greater the amount of the tax paid by the consumer.Conversely,the greater
the elasticity of demand for a product and the more inelastic the supply,the more the tax is paid by producer.In other words,relative elasticities determine tax incidence.
【供应,需求和弹性能够被用来决定课税归宿[这应该是涉及税收的转嫁与归宿一章的内容].对于一种产品的需求弹性越弱,则供应弹性就越强,而消费者所承担的税金就越多.反之,产品的需求弹性越强,则供应弹性就越弱,则生产商要支付更多的税金.换句话说,供求弹性决定税收归宿.】
[relative elasticities是相关的弹性,应该是指上文所提到的需求弹性和供应弹性,所以这里翻译为供求弹性.]
4． Price ceilings are attempts to keep prices from rising to their equilibrium level.Price ceilings cause shortages,and black markets often develop in response to the shortage.Rent control is an example of a price ceiling.
【最高限价尝试着阻止价格上升到均衡水平.最高限价导致了(产品)短缺,这种短缺也促成了黑市的形成发展.租金控制就是最高限价的一个例子.】
[Price ceiling和price floor是微观经济学中的“最高限价”以及“最低限价”概念]
5． Price floors are attempts to keep market prices from declining below a certain level.Price floors cause surpluses that must be absorbed to prevent the price from falling.Agricultural support prices and minimum wages are examples of price floors.
【最低限价尝试着阻止价格降低到某一水平下,最低限价导致了(产品)过剩,这种过剩情况的发生必须被阻止,从而防止价格下跌.农业支持价和最低工资保障就是最低限价的两个例子.】
6． The energy crisis as it pertains to natural gas is a good example of how price ceilings disrupt markets.The lesson is that price ceilings are very difficult to remove even after the damage they cause is well understood.This type of intervention seems likely in the health care industy.
【依赖于天然气而引发的能源危机就是反应最高限价如何扰乱市场的最佳例证.这对于我们更好地理解“最高限价难以消除,尤其是在(对经济)造成损害以后”上了很好的一课,这种干扰似乎也出现在保健行业.】
7． The farm problem has in part been caused by the supply and demand characteristics of the industry and in part by the rapid productivity gains in agricultural production.The government has been active in agricultural markets for a long time and the effects of this activity can be examined by using the concepts of supply and demand.
【农业问题在某种程度上是由于产业的供求特点造成的,另一方面也收农业生产中生产率的快速提升的影响.政府长期以来一直活跃于农业市场中,它的活动对农业的影响通过供需的概念进行审视.】
[in part 是在某种程度上]
【本章节运用了前几章所阐述的(经济学)基本工具来证明经济学在分析全球范围内的社会政策问题上到底发挥了多大的作用.】
2． Crime is an economic activity and can be analyzed as a rational decision of the criminal.To decrease criminal activity,one need only decrease the benefits the criminal receives or increase the costs the criminal must pay.This holds for the entire range of crime,from illegal parking to armed robbery or murder.
【犯罪是一种经济行为,并可以被当作“罪犯的一种理性决策”来进行分析.想要减低犯罪率,只需要减少罪犯的犯罪收益或者提高其犯罪成本.这种方法使用于从非法停车到持械抢劫甚至谋杀等等的一系列犯罪行为.】
3． The concepts of supply,demand,and elasticity can be used to determine tax incidence.The more inelastic the demand for a product and the more elastic the supply,the greater the amount of the tax paid by the consumer.Conversely,the greater
the elasticity of demand for a product and the more inelastic the supply,the more the tax is paid by producer.In other words,relative elasticities determine tax incidence.
【供应,需求和弹性能够被用来决定课税归宿[这应该是涉及税收的转嫁与归宿一章的内容].对于一种产品的需求弹性越弱,则供应弹性就越强,而消费者所承担的税金就越多.反之,产品的需求弹性越强,则供应弹性就越弱,则生产商要支付更多的税金.换句话说,供求弹性决定税收归宿.】
[relative elasticities是相关的弹性,应该是指上文所提到的需求弹性和供应弹性,所以这里翻译为供求弹性.]
4． Price ceilings are attempts to keep prices from rising to their equilibrium level.Price ceilings cause shortages,and black markets often develop in response to the shortage.Rent control is an example of a price ceiling.
【最高限价尝试着阻止价格上升到均衡水平.最高限价导致了(产品)短缺,这种短缺也促成了黑市的形成发展.租金控制就是最高限价的一个例子.】
[Price ceiling和price floor是微观经济学中的“最高限价”以及“最低限价”概念]
5． Price floors are attempts to keep market prices from declining below a certain level.Price floors cause surpluses that must be absorbed to prevent the price from falling.Agricultural support prices and minimum wages are examples of price floors.
【最低限价尝试着阻止价格降低到某一水平下,最低限价导致了(产品)过剩,这种过剩情况的发生必须被阻止,从而防止价格下跌.农业支持价和最低工资保障就是最低限价的两个例子.】
6． The energy crisis as it pertains to natural gas is a good example of how price ceilings disrupt markets.The lesson is that price ceilings are very difficult to remove even after the damage they cause is well understood.This type of intervention seems likely in the health care industy.
【依赖于天然气而引发的能源危机就是反应最高限价如何扰乱市场的最佳例证.这对于我们更好地理解“最高限价难以消除,尤其是在(对经济)造成损害以后”上了很好的一课,这种干扰似乎也出现在保健行业.】
7． The farm problem has in part been caused by the supply and demand characteristics of the industry and in part by the rapid productivity gains in agricultural production.The government has been active in agricultural markets for a long time and the effects of this activity can be examined by using the concepts of supply and demand.
【农业问题在某种程度上是由于产业的供求特点造成的,另一方面也收农业生产中生产率的快速提升的影响.政府长期以来一直活跃于农业市场中,它的活动对农业的影响通过供需的概念进行审视.】
[in part 是在某种程度上]