高中英语定语从句总结 各个方面 限定非限定 关系代词关系副词等等 当然 也不要太冗长

高中英语定语从句总结 各个方面 限定非限定 关系代词关系副词等等 当然 也不要太冗长

一、 定语从句与引导词
定语从句是在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句.被修饰的名词或代词叫做选行词,而引导定语从句的词叫引导词,有关系代词和关系副词两类.懂得什么样的先行词后用什么样的引导词是学好定语从句的关键.
1．关系代词有：
that,which,who,whom,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,whose 作定语.
代人的有：who,whom,whose,that；代物的有：that,which,whose.
例如：
The man who helped you is Mr White.(who代人,在定语从句中作主语)
That is the person(whom/who/that) you want to see.
(whom,who,that代人,在定语从句中作宾语,可省略)
I’m not the fool(that) you thought me to be.(that代人,在定从中作表语)
A dictionary is a useful book which(＝that) tells us the meaning of words(which 或that代物,在定从中作主语)
2．关系副词有：when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因),在定语从句中作状语.
例如：Would you suggest a time(when) we can have a talk?(when可省略)
The house where they live is not very large./This is the reason why he did not came to the meeting.
注意：不是表时间的先行词都用when引导定从,不是表地点的先行词都用where引导定从.例如：We’ll visit the factory which(＝that) makes radios.
(which或that在定从中作主语,where不可用主语,故不可用)
They still remember the happy days(which/that) they spent in Beidaihe.
(which或that在定从中作spent的宾语,when不可作宾语,故不可用)
二、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开,修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定语从句常用逗号和主句隔开,可以修饰主句中的某一个词,也可修饰整个句子.非限制性定语从句不能用that引导,引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略.非限制性定语从句例：Li Ping’s father,who works in a factory,is an engineer./He tore up my photo,which made me very angry.(which指代主句内容,因前后两句是因果关系,此时which不可换为as.)
He is good at physics,as is known to us all.＝As is known to us all,he is good at physics.(as指代主句内容,在as is known/believed,as we all know/believe这类结构中as不可换为which)
三、 只用that引导和不用that引导的场合
1．只用that的场合
1）当先行词既包括人又包括物时：
He talked about the men and the books that attracted him.
2）指物的先行词被any,every,only,very,all,no等修饰时：These are the very points that interest me./That is the only watch that I like most.
3）指物的先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时：The first step that we are to take is very difficult./This is the second card that he gave me.
4）先行词是指物的不定代词all,little,few,much,及everything,anything,nothing等时：There is still much that can be done about it./Have you got everything that you need?
5）先行词是who时：Who that have seen him does not like him?
2．不用that的场合如下：
1） 非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I saw a very good film,which was about the Long
March .
2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news
3）句中出现了that,或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.
四、“介词＋关系代词”用法
1．介词的确定应依据定语从句中短语的习惯性搭配,例如：Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands?(shake hands with…是习惯性搭配)
2．介词常受先行词的制约（即介词和先行词的搭配）,例如：He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(through which 即through the telescope)
3．当关系代词作“动词＋介词”固定短语的宾语时,此时因定短语中的介词不能拆开移到关系代词前.例如：This is the watch which you´re looking for./He is a kind of man whom you can safely depend on.
五、几个名词后的引导词
1.situation,case,scene,point,activity等后常用where,in which引导定语从句：Can you imagine a situation where/in which you can use the word?
2.way(方式,方法)后常用in which或that或how引导定语从句,也可省略：Do you know the way(in which/that/how) he worked out the problem?
3.“the same＋名词”,“such＋名词”,“as＋名词”后通常用as引导定语从句.
例如：I have the same dictionary as you(have).
Such a book as you bought is not worth buying.