搜搜考试网球初一下册英语新目标语法全部
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球初一下册英语新目标语法全部
以上,我不只要书上附页的那些.
以上,我不只要书上附页的那些.
从英语的句子结构上说,除了修饰名词的定语和修饰动词的状语外,在千变万化的句子中可归纳为五个基本句式,一般地说,某些动词用在某一句式中,下面笔者把这些句型和常用的动词进行归类,供你参考.
1.S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓）
Time flies.
1) S + V + adverbial(状语）
Birds sing beautifully.
2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）
He went on holiday.
3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）
We stopped to have a rest.
4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词）
I'll go swimming.
2. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）
We like English.
1) S + VT + N/Pron
I like music.
I like her.
2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）
I want to help him.
常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等.
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive
I don't know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等.
4) S + VT + Gerund
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等.
5) S + VT + That-clause
I don't think (that) he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出）,show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）.
3. S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）
We are Chinese.
除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等.2) 表转变变化的动词,become, get, grow, turn, go,等. 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等.4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等.
1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词）
He is a boy.
This is mine.
2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词）
She is beautiful.
3) S + Lv + Adv (副词）
Class is over.
4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health.
5) S + Lv + Participle(分词）
He is excited.
The film is interesting.
4. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接 宾） + D O（直接 宾）
I give you help.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
I sent him a book.
I bought May a book.
2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase
He sent a book to me.
He bought a coat for me.
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等.
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏）,save, sing, spare等.
5. S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补）
I make you clear.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
We named our baby Tom.
常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）.
2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj
He painted the wall white.
常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等.
3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase
She always keeps everything in good order.
4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive
I wish you to stay.
I made him work
常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等.b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等.
5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词）
I heard my name called.
I feel something moving.
常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等.
6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive
He show me how to do it.
常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等.
7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause
He told me that the film was great.
常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等.
8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do.
常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
代词
代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种.
一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、
"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词.人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表：
数 单数 复数
格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
he him they them
第三人称 she her they them
it it they them
如：He is my friend. 他是我的朋友.
It’s me. 是我.
二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格.物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人物和数的变化见下表.
数 单数 复数
人称 第一 第二 第三 第一 第二 第三
人称 人称 人称 人称 人称 人称
形容词性 my your his/her its our your/their
物主代词
名词性 mine yours his/hers its ours yours/theirs
物主代词
如： I like his car.
我喜欢他的小汽车.
Our school is here,and theirs is there.
我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿.
三、 指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词.指示代词有this,that,these,those等.
如： That is a good idea. 那是个好主意.
四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为"反身代词".
如： She was talking to herself. 她自言自语.
五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other&n bsp;和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别.
如： They love each other. 他们彼此相爱.
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词.常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody, something,no one.这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语, 但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语.如：
--- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗?
--- Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一辆.
--- I don’t know any of them. 他们,我一个也不认识.
七、 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等.在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句.疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）
如：Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁.
八、 关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词.它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）.
如： He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人.
3.1 人称代词的用法
1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如：
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了.
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她.
说明：在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如：
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了.
2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如：
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她.（her做宾 语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语）
a. -- Who broke the& nbsp;vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我.（me做主语补语= It’s me.）
说明：在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语.现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I.
3.2 人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1) 宾格代替主格
a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not 后,多用宾语.
---- I like English. --我喜欢英语.
---- Me too. --我也喜欢.
---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?
---- Not me. --我可不要了.
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格. 但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格.
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替宾格
a. 在介词but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格.
b. 在电话用语中常用主格.
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话.
---- This is she. --我就是玛丽.
注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定.
I thought it was she. 我以为是她. (主格----主格)
I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)
I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她. (主格----主格)
They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她. (宾格----宾格)
3.3 代词的指代问题
1）不定代词 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he, his, him代替.
Nobody came, did he? 谁也没来,是吗?
2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩.
Give the cat some f ood. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的.她饿了.
祝你成功
1.S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓）
Time flies.
1) S + V + adverbial(状语）
Birds sing beautifully.
2) S + Vi+ prep Phrase（介词短语）
He went on holiday.
3) S + Vi+ Infinitive (不定式）
We stopped to have a rest.
4) S + Vi+ Participle (分词）
I'll go swimming.
2. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾）
We like English.
1) S + VT + N/Pron
I like music.
I like her.
2) S + VT + infinitive(不定式）
I want to help him.
常用于这句型的动词有：attempt, dare, decide, desire, expect, hope, intend, learn, need, offer, pretend, promise, propose, purpose, refuse, want, wish等.
3) S + VT + Wh-Word + Infinitive
I don't know what to do.
常用于这句型的动词有：ask, consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, guess, inquire, know, learn, observe, remember, see, settle, tell, think, understand, wonder等.
4) S + VT + Gerund
I enjoy living here.
常用于这句型的动词有：admit, advise, avoid, consider, defend, enjoy, excuse, finish, forbid, mind, miss, practise, risk, suggest, give up, can't help等.
5) S + VT + That-clause
I don't think (that) he is right.
常用于这句型的动词有：Admit, believe, command, confess, declare, demand, deny, doubt, expect, explain, feel(觉得）, hear（听说）, hope, imagine, intend, know, mean, mind（当心）, notice, propose, request, report, say, see（看出）,show, suggest, suppose, think, understand, wish, wonder(觉得奇怪）.
3. S (主）+ V（谓）（lv)( 系动词）+ P（表）
We are Chinese.
除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,1)表感官的动词,feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等.2) 表转变变化的动词,become, get, grow, turn, go,等. 3)表延续的动词 remain, keep, seem, hold, stay, rest等.4)表瞬时的动词 come, fall, set, cut, occur等 5)其他动词 eat, lie, prove, ring, run, shine, sit, stand, continue, hang等.
1) S + Lv + N/Pron(名词/代词）
He is a boy.
This is mine.
2) S + Lv + Adj（形容词）
She is beautiful.
3) S + Lv + Adv (副词）
Class is over.
4) S + Lv + Prep Phrase
He is in good health.
5) S + Lv + Participle(分词）
He is excited.
The film is interesting.
4. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接 宾） + D O（直接 宾）
I give you help.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
I sent him a book.
I bought May a book.
2) S + VT + N/Pron + To/for-phrase
He sent a book to me.
He bought a coat for me.
间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来）, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等.
间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏）,save, sing, spare等.
5. S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补）
I make you clear.
1) S + VT + N/Pron + N
We named our baby Tom.
常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名）.
2) S + VT + N/Pron + Adj
He painted the wall white.
常用于这句型的动词有：beat, boil, cut, drive, find, get, hold, keep, leave, like, make, paint, see, set, turn, want, wash, wipe, wish等.
3) S + VT + N/Pron + Prep Phrase
She always keeps everything in good order.
4) S + VT + N/Pron + Infinitive
I wish you to stay.
I made him work
常用于这句型的动词有：a)不定式带to的词：advice, allow, ask, beg, cause, choose, command, decide, encourage, expect, force, get, hate, invite, know, leave, like, love, order, permit, persuade, prefer, remain, request, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等.b)不定式不带to的词：feel, have, hear, know, let, listen to, look at, make, notice, see, watch等.
5) S + VT + N/Pron + Participle (分词）
I heard my name called.
I feel something moving.
常用于这句型的动词有：catch, feel, find, get, have, hear, imagine, keep, leave, listen to, look at, notice, observe, perceive, see, set, smell, start, watch等.
6) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-word + Infinitive
He show me how to do it.
常用于这句型的动词有：advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell等.
7) S + VT + N/Pron + That-clause
He told me that the film was great.
常用于这句型的动词有：assure, inform, promise, remind, teach, tell, warm等.
8) S + VT + N/Pron + Wh-Clause
He asked me what he should do.
常用于这句型的动词有：Advise, ask, inform, show, teach, tell.
代词
代词是代替名词的一种词类.大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能.英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、自身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词八种.
一、人称代词是表示"我"、"你"、"他"、"她"、"它"、
"我们"、"你们"、"他们"的词.人称代词有人称、数和格的变化,见下表：
数 单数 复数
格 主格 宾格 主格 宾格
第一人称 I me we us
第二人称 you you you you
he him they them
第三人称 she her they them
it it they them
如：He is my friend. 他是我的朋友.
It’s me. 是我.
二、 物主代词表示所有关系的代词,也可叫做代词所有格.物主代词分形容性物主代词和名词性物主代词二种,其人物和数的变化见下表.
数 单数 复数
人称 第一 第二 第三 第一 第二 第三
人称 人称 人称 人称 人称 人称
形容词性 my your his/her its our your/their
物主代词
名词性 mine yours his/hers its ours yours/theirs
物主代词
如： I like his car.
我喜欢他的小汽车.
Our school is here,and theirs is there.
我们的学校在这儿,他们的在那儿.
三、 指示代词表示"那个"、"这个"、"这些"、"那些"等指示概念的代词.指示代词有this,that,these,those等.
如： That is a good idea. 那是个好主意.
四、 表示"我自己"、"你自己"、"他自己"、"我们自己"、"你们自己"和"他们自己"等的代词,叫做自身代词,也称为"反身代词".
如： She was talking to herself. 她自言自语.
五、 表示相互关系的代词叫相互代词,有each other&n bsp;和one another两组,但在运用中,这两组词没什么区别.
如： They love each other. 他们彼此相爱.
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词.常见的不定代词有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代词,如anybody, something,no one.这些不定代词大都可以代替名词和形容词,在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语, 但none和由some,any,no等构成的复合不定代词只能作主语、宾语或表语；every和no只能作定语.如：
--- Do you have a car? --你有一辆小汽车吗?
--- Yes,I have one. --是的,我有一辆.
--- I don’t know any of them. 他们,我一个也不认识.
七、 疑问代词有who,whom,whose,what和which等.在句子中用来构成特殊疑问句.疑问代词都可用作连接代词,引导名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句）
如：Tell me who he is. 告诉我他是谁.
八、 关系代词有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引导从句的关联词.它们在定语从句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语等；另一方面它们又代表主句中为定语从句所修饰的那个名词或代词（通称为先行词）.
如： He is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那个人.
3.1 人称代词的用法
1）人称代词的主格在句子中作主语或主语补语,例如：
John waited a while but eventually he went home.
约翰等了一会儿,最后他回家了.
John hoped the passenger would be Mary and indeed it was she.
约翰希望那位乘客是玛丽,还真是她.
说明：在复合句中,如果主句和从句主语相同,代词主语要用在从句中,名词主语用在主句中,例如：
When he arrived, John went straight to the bank.
约翰一到就直接去银行了.
2）人称代词的宾格在句子中作宾语或介词宾语,但在口语中也能作主语补语,第一人称在省略句中,还可以作主语,例如：
I saw her with them, at least, I thought it was her.
我看到她和他们在一起,至少我认为是她.（her做宾 语,them做介词宾语,her做主语补语）
a. -- Who broke the& nbsp;vase? --谁打碎了花瓶?
b. -- Me. --我.（me做主语补语= It’s me.）
说明：在上面两例句中,her和me分别作主语补语.现代英语中多用宾格,在正式文体中这里应为she和I.
3.2 人称代词之主、宾格的替换
1) 宾格代替主格
a.在简短对话中,当人称代词单独使用或在not 后,多用宾语.
---- I like English. --我喜欢英语.
---- Me too. --我也喜欢.
---- Have more wine? --再来点酒喝吗?
---- Not me. --我可不要了.
b.在表示比较的非正式的文体中,常用宾格代替主格. 但如果比较状语的谓语保留,则主语只能用主格.
He is taller than I/me.
He is taller than I am.
2) 主格代替宾格
a. 在介词but,except 后,有时可用主格代替宾格.
b. 在电话用语中常用主格.
---- I wish to speak to Mary. --我想和玛丽通话.
---- This is she. --我就是玛丽.
注意：在动词be 或to be 后的人称代词视其前面的名词或代词而定.
I thought it was she. 我以为是她. (主格----主格)
I thought it to be her. (宾格----宾格)
I was taken to be she. 我被当成了她. (主格----主格)
They took me to be her. 他们把我当成了她. (宾格----宾格)
3.3 代词的指代问题
1）不定代词 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式场合使用时,可用he, his, him代替.
Nobody came, did he? 谁也没来,是吗?
2）动物名词的指代一般用it或they代替,有时也用he, she,带有亲切的感情色彩.
Give the cat some f ood. She is hungry. 给这猫一些吃的.她饿了.
祝你成功