英语翻译摘 要机械能守恒定律,动量守恒定律,角动量守恒定律是物理学的基本规律.在大学和中学的物理教学中占有很大比例.本文

英语翻译
摘 要
机械能守恒定律,动量守恒定律,角动量守恒定律是物理学的基本规律.在大学和中学的物理教学中占有很大比例.本文对力学中这三大定律的深刻物理含义做了具体概括.并且通过举例来说明力学中三大守恒定律的运用和使用条件,目的是学生清楚这些定律的实验基础,加深对守恒定律的了解,掌握好守恒定律在物理学中的运用.在大学物理教学中,守恒定律与对称性是个难点,本文通过讨论只有保守力作用的质点系与力学密切相关的守恒定律与对称性的关系.详细的分析了对称变换与守恒量以及不可测量量的关系,并且对时空对称性导致动量、角动量、能量守恒作了详细分析来促进学生的理解.
关键词 :机械能守恒定律；动量守恒定律；角动量守恒定律,对称性.
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The laws of conversation of mechnical energy, conversation of momentum and conservation of angular momentum are fundamental laws of physics.They constitute a majority of the teachings of this field on both high school and university levels. This paper provides a detailed description of the significances and applications of these laws through the use of examples, and aims to aid students in terms of learning the basics of experimental foundamentals, deepening their understandings, and firming their grasp on the applications of these laws. In university level physics, the laws of conversation and laws of symmetry are often difficult areas. This paper addresses the issue by discussing the the relationship between these two through the closely related topics of centers of mass, in terms of conservative forces, and classical mechanics, thus providing a thorough analysis of the unquantifiable relationship between symmetry transformation and energy conversation. Through this analysis, coupled with similar treatments to the affects of spatial symmetry on momentum, angular momentum and energy conservation, the paper encourages and helps with the students' understandings of the respective topics.
Key words: the law of conservation of mechanical energy, the law of conservation of momentum, the law of conversation of angular momentum, the law of symmetry.
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