It is only in the study of man himself that the major social

It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted(未完
It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted
the study of one local variation,that of Western cicilization.这句话怎么翻译,谁代替谁?

唯独对于人类自身的研究方面,主要社会科学采取了以单一的局部地区情况的研究（即对西方文明的研究）代替对整个人类的研究（的错误做法）.
“对局部地区的研究”代替“对整个人类的研究”,即以偏概全.
"对整个人类的研究"在这里并没有言明,但可以意会.
再问： 你的翻译是对的，可是你怎么看出来？the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation从字面上看，就是主要的社会科学代替某一局部地区情况的研究。substitute字面意思是代替，而不是被代替。 另外，同一篇文章： There is no social problem it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom. 为什么是it 而不是that? 谢谢
再答： substitute 本身就是替代的意思，至于谁是被替换掉的，可以看后面的介词，substitute A for B 的意思是用A替换B. substitute A with B 的意思是用B替换A. 当substitute直接加宾语时，宾语后面没有介词，即省略了介词，可以根据上下文意思判断， 如 They don't like potatoes, so we substituted rice. 他们不喜欢吃马铃薯，所以我们就用米饭来替代。这里不用介词，但意思很清楚。so we substituted rice for potatoes.省略了介词及与上文重复的部分for potatoes. 而：If you cannot go yourself, please find someone to substitute you。如果你不能来，请找人替代你。这里不用介词，但意思很清楚。substitute you with someone.省略了介词及与上文重复的部分with someone. 这句：It is only in the study of man himself that the major social sciences have substituted the study of one local variation, that of Western cicilization. 这里省略介词，但意思也很清楚。substituted the study of one local variation for the study of man himself.省略了介词及与上文重复的部分for the study of man himself.(对整个人类的研究) 没有任何一个社会问题比得上风俗的作用问题更要求我们必须理解它。 it is more incumbent upon us to understand than this of the role of custom作problem的定语从句。problem和it之间省略了that。this代替problem。to understand是真正的主语，it是形式主语。只要 搞清楚 no more than 的位置 就不难了
再问： 你看，这里回答的人都没搞清楚谁代替谁。