英语翻译因为毕业论文需求,要翻译一段文字.谁可以帮一下我,翻译如下文字,我需要的是全文,但是这个框框输入不下,There

英语翻译
因为毕业论文需求,要翻译一段文字.谁可以帮一下我,翻译如下文字,
我需要的是全文,但是这个框框输入不下,
There were multiple causes for the first downturn in 1929.These include the structural weaknesses and specific events that turned it into a major depression and the manner in which the downturn spread from country to country.In relation to the 1929 downturn,historians emphasize structural factors like massive bank failures and the stock market crash.In contrast,economists (such as Barry Eichengreen,Milton Friedman and Peter Temin) point to monetary factors such as actions by the US Federal Reserve that contracted the money supply,as well as Britain’s decision to return to the Gold Standard at pre–World War I parities (US$4.86:£1).
Recessions and business cycles are thought to be a normal part of living in a world of inexact balances between supply and demand.What turns a normal recession or ‘ordinary’ business cycle into an actual depression is a subject of much debate and concern.Scholars have not agreed on the exact causes and their relative importance.Moreover,the search for causes is closely connected to the issue of avoiding future depressions.
Thus,the personal political and policy viewpoints of scholars greatly colors their analysis of historic events occurring eight decades ago.An even larger question is whether the Great Depression was primarily a failure on the part of free markets or,alternately,a failure of government efforts to regulate interest rates,curtail widespread bank failures,and control the money supply.Those who believe in a larger economic role for the state believe that it was primarily a failure of free markets,while those who believe in a smaller role for the state believe that it was primarily a failure of government that compounded the problem.
Current theories may be broadly classified into two main points of view and several heterodox points of view.First,there are demand-driven theories,most importantly Keynesian economics,but also including those who point to the breakdown of international trade,and Institutional economists who point to underconsumption and over-investment (causing an economic bubble),malfeasance by bankers and industrialists,or incompetence by government officials.The consensus among demand-driven theories is that a large-scale loss of confidence led to a sudden reduction in consumption and investment spending.Once panic and deflation set in,many people believed they could avoid further losses by keeping clear of the markets.Holding money became profitable as prices dropped lower and a given amount of money bought ever more goods,exacerbating the drop in demand.

占位答题~
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造成1929年的第一次衰退的有多种原因.包括结构性缺陷和一些个别事件使它变成了一个巨大的衰退期,并决定了它从一个国家传到另一个的方式.关于1929年的衰退,历史学家强调大规模的银行倒闭现象及股市的崩盘.与之对比,经济学家(如Barry Eichengreen,Milton Friedman和Peter Temin)强调货币政策因素,如美联储收紧银根的措施和英国的恢复一战前标准的金本位的决定(美元$4.86:英镑£1)
衰退和商业周期在一个供求平衡不精准的世界中被认为是生活的一部分.将一次普通衰退或"一般的"商业周期变成一个真正的衰退期的到底是什么,这是一个很受关注并广受争议的话题.学者们还未就准确原因及它们的相对重要性达成共识.此外,对于起因的探寻与对未来衰退期的避免是紧密相连的.
因此,学者们个人对于政治和政策的观点极大影响了他们对于80年前发生的历史事件的分析.一个更大的问题是,大萧条究竟是主要为自由市场的失败还是政府调控利率,限制广泛扩散的银行倒闭现象,和控制银根的失败.那些相信政府在经济中扮演的角色更大的人认为主要是自由市场的失败,而那些认为政府角色较小的人认为主要是政府使问题恶化.
当今的理论可以被归纳为两个主流看法和多个非主流观点.首先,是"需求驱动"的理论,其中最重要的是凯恩斯主义经济学,但也包括强调国际贸易崩溃的人,和强调需求不足及投资过度(产生经济泡沫),银行家和工业家的渎职和政府能力不足的制度学派.
第二,还有货币主义者,他们相信大萧条开始只是一次普通的衰退,但金融组织(尤其美联储)制定的错误政策导致货币供应减小,从而导致经济状况严重恶化,而使一次普通衰退成为大萧条.与这一解释相关的有强调由于贷款紧缩而导致那些贷款者欠债大大增加的.
最后,还有各种贬低和拒绝接受凯恩斯主义者和货币主义者的解释的非主流理论.比如,有些新的经典宏观经济学家提出各种劳动力市场政策的过早介入导致了大萧条的时长和严重程度.澳大利亚经济学派将焦点放在货币供应的宏观经济学影响,中央银行的决策如何导致过度投资(经济泡沫).马克思主义者对于政治经济的评论强调资本主义的导致财富不平衡积聚的倾向,导致资本过于集中和通过一次次经济危机形成的贬值循环.