英语翻译9.2 CARBON CYCLE9.2.1 Carbon ReservoirsA reservoir is a

英语翻译
9.2 CARBON CYCLE
9.2.1 Carbon Reservoirs
A reservoir is a sink or source of an element such as carbon.There are various global reservoirs of carbon,some of which are immense in size and some of which are relatively small (Table 9.3).The largest carbon reservoir is carbonate rock found in the earth's sediments.This reservoir is four orders of magnitude larger than the carbonate reservoir found in the ocean and six orders of magnitude larger than the carbon reservoir found as carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.If one considers these three reservoirs,it is obvious that the carbon most available for photosynthesis is in the smallest of the reservoirs,the atmosphere.Therefore,it is the smallest reservoir that is most actively cycled.It is small,actively cycled reservoirs such as atmospheric carbon dioxide that are subject to perturbation from human activity.In fact,since global industrialization began in the late 1800s,humans have affected several of the smaller carbon reservoirs.Utilization of fossil ft!els (an example of a small,inactive carbon reservoir) and deforestation (an example of a small,active carbon reservoir) are two activities that have reduced the amount of fixed organic carbon in these reservoirs and added to the atmospheric carbon dioxide reservoir (Table 9.4).
The increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide has not been as great as expected.This is because the reservoir of carbonate found in the ocean acts as a buffer between the atmospheric and sediment carbon reservoirs through the equilibrium equation shown below.
Thus,some of the excess carbon dioxide that has been released has been absorbed by the oceans.However,there has still been a net effiux of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere of approximately 7 109 metric tons/year.The problem with this imbalance is that because atmospheric carbon dioxide is a small carbon reservoir,the result of a continued net effiux over the past 100 years or so has been a 28% increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide from 0.026% to 0.033%.A consequence of the increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide is that it may contribute to global warming through the greenhouse effect.The greenhouse effect is caused by gases in the atmosphere that trap heat from the sun and cause the earth to warm up.This effect is not solely due to carbon dioxide; other gases such as methane,chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs),and nitrous oxide add to the problem.

9.2碳循环
9.2.1碳
水库是一个水槽或来源的元素,例如碳.有各种全球性的碳水库,其中有些是巨大的规模和其中一些规模相对较小（表9.3 ） .最大的碳是碳酸盐岩储层中发现地球的沉积物.这4个水库的数量级大于碳酸盐岩储层中发现海洋和6个数量级大于碳水库发现大气中二氧化碳的.如果考虑这三个水库,很明显,最可用的碳进行光合作用是在最小的水库,大气中.因此,它是最小的水库是最积极循环.这是小国,积极循环水库,如大气中二氧化碳,受人类活动扰动.事实上,由于全球工业化始于1800年代末期,人类已影响到几个较小的碳库.利用化石英尺!埃尔斯（一个例子,一个小,无效碳水库）和砍伐森林（一个例子,一个小,活性炭水库）有两个活动,减少了大量的有机碳固定在这些水库和添加到大气二氧化碳水库（表9.4 ） .
增加大气中二氧化碳未如预期般大.这是因为水库的碳酸盐岩中发现的海洋作为一个缓冲区之间的大气和沉积物碳水库通过平衡方程所示.
因此,部分多余的二氧化碳已被释放已被海洋所吸收.但是,仍然是一个净effiux的二氧化碳到大气中约7 〜 109万吨/年.的问题,这种不平衡的现象是,由于大气中二氧化碳的是一个小碳水库,由于持续的净effiux在过去100年左右的时间里一直是28 ％ ,增加大气中二氧化碳从0.026 ％至0.033 ％ .的后果,增加了大气中二氧化碳的是,这可能有助于全球变暖的温室效应.温室效应所造成的气体在大气中的陷阱来自太阳的热量,造成地球升温.这种效应不仅是由于二氧化碳;其他气体,如甲烷,氯氟化碳（ CFCs ）和一氧化氮添加到这个问题.
(仅供参考)