英语翻译黑社会性质组织犯罪是我国1997年刑法新增设的罪名.这一罪名的设立,为我国司法实践惩治黑社会性质组织犯罪提供了一

英语翻译
黑社会性质组织犯罪是我国1997年刑法新增设的罪名.这一罪名的设立,为我国司法实践惩治黑社会性质组织犯罪提供了一定的法律依据.黑社会性质组织犯罪已成为一种严重危害社会的犯罪活动.整个社会严打黑恶势力的呼声高涨.在司法实践中,围绕这一犯罪中的具体问题出现了一些不同的认识.本文主要就黑社会性质组织犯罪中的若干问题进行重点研究.论文主要包括以下四个方面:
一黑社会性质组织犯罪的认定.黑社会性质组织犯罪是指“以获得巨额非法经济利益为主要目的,以与国家法律相对抗为重要依托,以腐朽亚文化为精神动力,以暴力和腐蚀拉拢为基本手段,有组织地进行严重破坏经济秩序和社会生活秩序的违法犯罪活动”.黑社会性质组织犯罪的法律性质:黑社会性质组织犯罪属于广义的有组织犯罪的一种；黑社会性质组织犯罪是黑社会组织犯罪的初级形态,但在本质上是一致的.前者是后者的初级形式,后者是前者经过发展后的成熟、完备形式.黑社会性质组织犯罪一词较好地反映了我国目前黑社会犯罪的实际状况.黑社会性质组织犯罪的特征：1犯罪组织性比较严密.2犯罪组织有一定的经济实力,谋求经济利益.3犯罪组织有很强的暴力性和一定的势力范围.4犯罪组织有“保护伞”存在.5犯罪行为对经济、社会生活秩序有严重的破坏性.
二黑社会性质组织犯罪的发展趋势.首先表现在黑社会性质组织犯罪越来越趋向于国际化；其次表现在黑社会性质组织犯罪将与腐败者的勾结更加紧密；第三表现在黑社会性质组织犯罪装备趋向正规化、现代化.
三黑社会性质组织犯罪的立法完善.首先应完善刑法的有关条款包括：未设置财产刑.仅对黑社会性质组织的成员处以自由刑是难以取得一般预防与特别预防的效果的.所以我们应增加财产刑.刑罚设置偏轻.此外,在处罚的规范上没有体现罪刑相适应的基本原则,没有明确规定黑社会组织犯罪的从重、从轻情节而设定不同的量刑档次,也不利于实现刑罚的基本功能.并且罪种范围过窄.我国应该增设若干黑社会性质犯罪的具体罪种,以适应建立严密完备的惩治黑社会犯罪的罪刑体系的需要.其次应完善打击组织犯罪的程序立法包括:现行刑事诉讼法对黑社会性质组织犯罪的追究没有规定专门的诉讼规则.因而在将来的刑事诉讼法修订中,应针对黑社会性质组织犯罪完善及规定一些新的诉讼制度.比如通过法律推定,确立举证责任倒置.确立特别证据规则,建立污点证人和卧底证人制度等.第三应完善有关司法解释包括对于黑社会性质组织与黑社会组织与犯罪集团如何区分,法律解释没有明确标准等等.
四黑社会性质组织犯罪的防控措施包括:首先加强社区组织建设,完善相关制度.比如完善流动人口管理制度,加强对孤儿的教育和帮助,做好失足少年和劳改犯的帮教工作等.其次规范市场经济秩序,以经济上扼制黑社会性质组织犯罪的发展.第三加强对执法人员的监督和保护,预防保护伞的形成等等.

Mafia is organized crime in 1997 China's new Criminal Code charges.The establishment of this offense,the judicial practice of China's punishing crime syndicates provide some legal basis.Mafia organized crime has become a serious danger to society of criminal activities.Strike forces and the community as a whole are growing louder.In judicial practice,focusing on the specific issues of crime in a number of different awareness.In this paper,the nature of organized crime on the triad of a number of key research issues.Paper includes the following four aspects:
A crime syndicate that.Mafia organized crime is "huge illegal for the primary purpose of economic interests in order to confront the national laws and the importance of relying on in order to corrupt the spirit of Asian culture as a driving force,violence and corruption as the basic means of rope,organized to carry out serious damage to economic order and social life of the order of the illegal and criminal activities." Mafia the legal nature of organized crime:organized crime Mafia is a broad sense a kind of organized crime; triad triad crime is the primary form of organized crime,but in essence the same.The former is the primary form of the latter,the latter after the former through the development of mature,complete the form.The term organized crime Mafia better reflects the current actual situation of organized crime.Mafia the characteristics of organized crime:1 Comparison of strict criminal organizations.2 criminal organizations have a certain economic strength,the pursuit of economic interests.3 crimes of violence have a strong organization and a certain sphere of influence of criminal organizations .4 "umbrella" for the existence of.5 criminal acts of economic and social life are devastating.
Second Mafia organized crime trends.First of all,reflected in the increasing crime syndicates tend to be international; followed by the performance of organized crime in the Mafia and corruption will be colluding with those who more closely; third in the triad nature of organized crime trends and equipment standardization and modernization.
Third,the nature of organized crime triads perfect legislation.First of all,should improve the relevant provisions of the Criminal Code include:the property is not set penalties.Only a member of triad criminal penalty is difficult to obtain free general prevention and special prevention effect.Therefore,we should increase the punishment property.Set partial light sentences.In addition,standardizing on punishment suited the crime and did not reflect the basic principles,there is no clear heavy triad organized crime,the circumstances of a lighter sentence and set different levels,is not conducive to the realization of the basic functions of the penalty.Narrow the scope and types of crimes.China should be created with a number of criminal syndicates specific types of crime in order to adapt to complete the establishment of strict criminal punishment of the crime system needs.Second,should improve the procedures for combating organized crime legislation include:the nature of the existing Code of Criminal Procedure of the triad organized crime prosecution proceedings does not require special rules.So in the future revision of the Code of Criminal Procedure,should be targeted at improving the Mafia and organized crime provides some of the new system of litigation.For example,by legal presumption,the burden of proof to establish.Establish special rules of evidence and the establishment of tainted witnesses and undercover witness system.The third should be in improving the judicial interpretations,including the nature of the triad organizations and criminal groups and triad societies to distinguish between legal interpretation and so there is no clear criteria.
Four Mafia crime prevention and control measures include:First of all,the building of community-based organizations to strengthen and perfect the relevant systems.For example,the floating population management system to improve and strengthen education and help orphans,to do a good job he stepped help adolescents and the劳改犯work.Second,standardizing the market economic order in order to curb triad economic development of the nature of organized crime.The third step up the supervision of law enforcement personnel and protection to prevent the formation of umbrella and so on.